曝光台 注意防骗
网曝天猫店富美金盛家居专营店坑蒙拐骗欺诈消费者
6 s 1 – 8 × 10–6
in any 15 s
0.99 to
0.99999
ATMB–CAAC Workshop on GNSS Beijing, 16-17 April 2007
GNSS signal-in-space performance
requirements (Annex 10, Vol.I)
Typical operation Horizontal alert limit Vertical alert limit
En-route (oceanic/continental
low density)
7.4 km
(4 NM)
N/A
En-route (continental) 3.7 km
(2 NM)
N/A
En-route,
Terminal
1.85 km
(1 NM)
N/A
NPA 556 m
(0.3 NM)
N/A
APV-I 40 m
(130 ft)
50 m
(164 ft)
APV- II 40.0 m
(130 ft)
20.0 m
(66 ft)
Category I precision approach 40.0 m
(130 ft)
15.0 m to 10.0 m
(50 ft to 33 ft)
ATMB–CAAC Workshop on GNSS Beijing, 16-17 April 2007
Future evolution
GPS and GLONASS evolution (GPS
L5/ GLONASS L3 signals)
Galileo
GBAS support of Cat II/III landing
operations
ATMB–CAAC Workshop on GNSS Beijing, 16-17 April 2007
GNSS implementation
in States
Elements to be addressed for a State implementing GNSS
operations:
planning and organization
procedure development
airspace considerations
aeronautical information services
system safety analysis
certification and operational approvals
anomaly/interference reporting
vulnerability
ATMB–CAAC Workshop on GNSS Beijing, 16-17 April 2007
Implementation planning
Planning to be coordinated on a regional / wide area basis
(common requirements)
Coordination through ICAO and its regional bodies (PIRGs)
Bilateral/multilateral coordination as necessary
Establish a GNSS implementation team, involving users and
appropriate multidisciplinary expertise
Sample team Terms of Reference: ICAO GNSS Manual (Doc
9849) Appendix C
GNSS plan to include the development of a business case
Training requirements
ATMB–CAAC Workshop on GNSS Beijing, 16-17 April 2007
Procedures development
ICAO PANS-OPS (Doc 8168) contains the design criteria for
GNSS procedures
Departure, arrival, approach procedures using “basic GNSS”
receiver (ABAS) and/or SBAS/GBAS receiver
Includes procedures for “APV” (approach procedure with
vertical guidance):
APV/Baro-VNAV
APV with SBAS (LPV: localizer performance with vertical
guidance)
ATMB–CAAC Workshop on GNSS Beijing, 16-17 April 2007
Airspace considerations
Accurate oceanic en-route airspace
(no conventional navaids available)
Lateral separation reductions enabled by ADS
(GNSS-based) in non-radar Continental en-route and terminal airspace: RNAV
arrival and departure procedures reduce delays
and less workload
Terminal, approach/departure airspace: support to
aerodromes not served adequately by conventional
navaids
navigation in airspace
ATMB–CAAC Workshop on GNSS Beijing, 16-17 April 2007
Aeronautical information services
State’s Aeronautical information publication (AIP)
to cover these aspects:
Description of GNSS services
Information about the approval of GNSS-based
operations
World Geodetic System – 1984 (WGS-84)
coordinate system
Airborne navigation database
Status monitoring and NOTAM
ATMB–CAAC Workshop on GNSS Beijing, 16-17 April 2007
WGS-84
Coordinate system adopted by ICAO to be used in
support of GNSS
ICAO Annex 4, 11, 14 and 15
Using different coordinate systems is a hazard
Transition path to WGS-84:
mathematical transformation of existing
coordinate
resurvey (preferred option)
ATMB–CAAC Workshop on GNSS Beijing, 16-17 April 2007
Airborne navigation database
Safety of GNSS navigation depends on the
integrity of the data in the airborne navigation
database
Data originates with States
Quality of the position data must be retained
throughout the data chain
Manual entry into the airborne database not
permitted
EUROCAE/RTCA standards (DO-200A/ED-76 and
DO-201A/ED77)
ATMB–CAAC Workshop on GNSS Beijing, 16-17 April 2007
System safety assessment
Annex 11: safety assessment before
中国航空网 www.aero.cn
航空翻译 www.aviation.cn
本文链接地址：
空管资料4(16)
