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The information is broadcast via geostationary satellites, in the same band
as the core constellations
SBAS elements:
a network of ground reference stations that monitor satellite signals
master stations processing reference stations data and generating
SBAS signals
uplink stations to send the messages to the geostationary satellites
transponders on the satellites to broadcast SBAS messages
SBAS (where supported) provides higher availability of GNSS services and
lower minima than ABAS
Approach procedures with vertical guidance (APV-I and -II)
Developments to achieve Cat-I-like minima are underway
ICAO Annex 10, Volume I, section 3.7.3.4
ATMB–CAAC Workshop on GNSS Beijing, 16-17 April 2007
GNSS elements: SBAS (2)
Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) - commissioned for
safety-of-life use in 2003
European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS) -
initial operations started in 2005
Multi-functional Transport Satellite (MTSAT) Satellite-based
Augmentation System (MSAS) - satellites launched in 2005-2006
GPS aided Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) Augmented Navigation
(GAGAN) - to be completed in 2008
SBAS coverage area vs service area:
SBAS coverage area: GEO satellite signal footprint
SBAS service area: service area established by a State within
SBAS coverage area
ATMB–CAAC Workshop on GNSS Beijing, 16-17 April 2007
GNSS elements: GBAS/GRAS
GBAS: ground-based augmentation system
Operates in the VHF NAV band (108 – 117.975 MHz)
Supports precision approach service (currently up to CAT I) and
optionally positioning service
Precision approach service provides “ILS-like” deviation guidance
for final approach segments
Can support multiple runways
GRAS: ground-based regional augmentation system
an extension of GBAS to provide regional coverage down to
APV service
ICAO Annex 10, Volume I, section 3.7.3.5
ATMB–CAAC Workshop on GNSS Beijing, 16-17 April 2007
GNSS signal-in-space
performance requirements
Accuracy – The difference between the estimated and actual
aircraft position
Integrity – A measure of the trust which can be placed in the
correctness of the information supplied by the total system. It
includes the ability of the system to alert the user when the system
should not be used for the intended operation (alert) within a
prescribed time period (time-to-alert)
Continuity – The capability of the system to perform its function
without unscheduled interruptions during the intended operation
Availability – The portion of time during which the system is
simultaneously delivering the required accuracy, integrity and
continuity
ATMB–CAAC Workshop on GNSS Beijing, 16-17 April 2007
GNSS signal-in-space performance
requirements (Annex 10, Vol.I)
Typical operation
Accuracy
horizontal
95%
Accuracy
vertical
95%
Integrity
Time-to-alert
Continuity
Availability
En-route 3.7 km
(2.0 NM)
N/A 1 – 1 × 10–7/h 5 min 1 – 1 × 10–4/h
to 1 – 1 × 10–8/h
0.99 to
0.99999
En-route,
Terminal
0.74 km
(0.4 NM)
N/A 1 – 1 × 10–7/h 15 s 1 – 1 × 10–4/h
to 1 – 1 × 108/h
0.99 to
0.99999
Initial approach,
Intermediate approach,
Non-precision approach (NPA),
Departure
220 m
(720 ft)
N/A 1 – 1 × 10–7/h 10 s 1 – 1 × 10–4/h
to 1 – 1 × 10–8/h
0.99 to
0.99999
Approach operations with
vertical guidance (APV-I)
16.0 m
(52 ft)
20 m
(66 ft)
1 – 2 × 10–7
per
approach
10 s 1 – 8 × 10–6
in any 15 s
0.99 to
0.99999
Approach operations with
vertical guidance (APV-II)
16.0 m
(52 ft)
8.0 m
(26 ft)
1 – 2 × 10–7
per
approach
6 s 1 – 8 × 10–6
in any 15 s
0.99 to
0.99999
Category I precision approach 16.0 m
(52 ft)
6.0 m to 4.0 m
(20 ft to 13 ft)
1 – 2 × 10–7
per
approach
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