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SEPARATION SAFETY MODELING
B-16
a pending collision.
CT. Graham, W., "See and Avoid/Cockpit Visibility," (Technical note),
Centerpoint, NY: Questek, Inc., October 1989, 24 pgs. (ADNUMBER:
ADA214214; MONITORACRONYM: DOT/FAA/CT; MONITORSERIES:
TN/89/18.)
1. This study was conducted in response to the Federal Aviation
Administration's (FAA) Office of Aviation Safety and the
recommendations of the Interagency Near Midair Collision (NMAC)
Working Group, dated July 21, 1986, which suggested a review of
see and avoid effectiveness, conspicuity enhancement, and their
relationship to cockpit visibility. This report summarizes the
salient facts in these areas, based on a review of the literature,
and assesses the potential for significant reduction of collision
risk. The study was conducted by Walton Graham, Questek,
Incorporated, who was previously involved in numerous FAA see and
avoid, pilot warning instrument/ collision risk studies and
analyses of the near midair collision data. Keywords: See and
avoid, Conspicuity enhancement, Cockpit visibility.
CU. Greene, G. C., "An Approximate Model of Vortex Decay in the
Atmosphere," Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 23, No. 7. July 1986, pp.
566-573).
CV. Greenwood, J., "Procedures for Assessing Radar Separation Standards,"
Civil Aviation Authority, CS Report 9334, August 1993.
1. Topic: Empirical or semi-empirical expressions
CW. Haines, A.L., B. M. Horowitz, and A.P. Smith, "A General Model for
Separation Standard Assessment," McLean, VA: Mitre Corp., Mitre Tech.
Report MTR-6909, 1975
1. Concepts of a general model for assessment of separation standards
in an ATC system.
CX. Hallock, J. N., and W.R. Eberle, Editors, "Aircraft Wake Vortices: A
State-of-the-Art Review of the United States R and D Program," U.S.
DOT Transportation Systems Center, Lockheed Missiles and Space Co.
FAA-RD-77-23, February 1977.
CY. Hallock, J. N., B. P. Winston, T. S. Sullivan, and D. C. Burnham,
"TSC Wake Vortex Data Base and Applications," Proceedings of the
Aircraft Wake Vortices Conference, March 15-17, 1977, Cambridge, MA:
APPENDIX B
BIBLIOGRAPHY
B-17
U.S. DOT Transportation Systems Center, 1977.
CZ. Hallock, J. N., Editor, "Proceedings of the Aircraft Wake Vortices
Conference October 29-31, 1991," Washington: 1992.
DA. Hanson, J.R., "Visual Aspects," Flight Safety Facts and Analysis,
vol.3, no. 11, 1972
1. Aspects of visual collision avoidance pointing out that the moving
target attracts attention, but an apparently stationary target is
the ONLY one where a midair collision results.
DB. Harris, J.L., "Visual Aspects of Air Collision," Visual Search,
1970, symposium conducted by the National Academy of Sciences,
National Research Council, Division of Behavior Sciences.
1. A technique of calculation applicable to the air collision problem
showing that a clear understanding of the pilot’s cockpit workload
is necessary prerequisite.
DC. Hassan, A.A. and L.N. Sankar, "Separation Control Using Moving
Surface Effects: A Numerical Simulation," Journal of Aircraft, v29
no. 1 (11/1/92) p.131.
DD. Hazard Analysis of an En-Route Sector," Civil Aviation Authority, RMC
Report R93-81(S) October 1993 [Volume 1 (Main Report); Volume 2]
1. Topic: General Risk Estimation Methodologies
DE. Hegarty, Chris, Pete Wroblewski and Kelly Markin, "An Assessment of
the Ability of Augmented GPS to Provide Sole Means Navigation:
Interim Report," McLean, VA: MITRE CAASD, Report No. WN 95W0000254,
May 5, 1996
DF. Herbert, J.W., "Cockpit Traffic Display," Flight, vol.61, no.5,
1972
1. The ATSD (Airborne Traffic Situation Display) being tested by the
M.I.T. Lincoln Lab. makes it possible for the pilot to see what's
going on and maneuver accordingly without confusion from
ground-based controllers.
DG. Hinson, R.M. Jr., "A Collision Avoidance Warning Criterion for
Maneuvering Aircraft," PH.D Thesis, Georgia Inst. of Technology,
1972, N73-21915, Univ. Microfilm order no. 72-26306
SEPARATION SAFETY MODELING
B-18
1. A warning criteria for areas where traffic densities are high and
aircraft maneuvers occur frequently, based on the probability of a
collision.
DH. Hinton, D. A. (1995), "Aircraft Vortex Spacing System (AVOSS)
Conceptual Design," Hampton, VA: NASA Langley Research Center, TM
110184.
DI. Hockaday, Stephen L. N., "Air Traffic Control Evaluation Model,"
(UCB-ITS-TD-86-3) 8p. $15.00.
DJ. Hockaday, Stephen L. N., "Development of Alternative Air Traffic
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a concept paper for separation safety modeling(75)
