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APPENDIX B
BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................................................. B-1
PREFACE
iii
PREFACE
This report addresses a number of areas related to modeling the effects on aviation safety
resulting from a reduction in aircraft separation minima (standards) in airspace where
radar separation is provided. The report is largely the work of volunteers, European and
American. The form of this report is somewhere between a volume of proceedings of a
technical conference on separation and a tightly edited, cohesive volume. As a
consequence, the reader may find technical terms that are used somewhat differently in
various report sections as well as a variety of writing styles. The opinions expressed in
this report are those of the individual authors and not those of the Federal Aviation
Administration, Eurocontrol, other aviation authorities, or the aviation industry.
The report does not address the economic issues associated with reduced separation
minima. There are some within the aviation industry and aviation authorities who predict
that large economic benefits will accrue with reductions in separation minima in controlled
airspace, but most individuals consider these benefits yet to be proven.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The editor thanks the following individuals and companies for their contributions to this
report.
FAA, Washington Headquarters
Ken Geisinger
Stephen Cohen (FAA team leader)
FAA, Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center
David N. Lankford
Alan B. Jones
James H. Yates, University of Central Oklahoma
Shahar Ladecky, DataCom, Inc.
Eurocontrol
Steve Hockaday (EUROCONTROL team leader)
Mike Perry
Liz Davies
National Aerospace Laboratory NLR
Peter Blanker
Henk Blom
Jasper Daams
CENA
Lionel Banege
U.K.NATS
Ian Parker
DFS
Mike Morr
SEPARATION SAFETY MODELING
iv
Rannoch Corporation
Roger A. Shepherd
Boeing Corporation
Bob Schwab
Arek Shakarian
John Brown
TRW/SETA
Don Weitzman, TRW/SETA
Material was also adapted from works of the following authors:
Mark J. Rockman, MITRE/CAASD (adapted by Steve Cohen, FAA)
Nigel Sylvester-Thorne, Eurocontrol (adapted by Nadine Pilon,
Eurocontrol)
Applied Techno-Management Systems (adapted by Steve Cohen, FAA)
The following individuals participated in a number of meetings. Discussions in these
meetings materially affected the contents of this report.
FAA, Washington Headquarters
Ken Geisinger
Stephen Cohen
Diana Liang
Arthur Salomon
Tom Kossiaras
Jack Wojciech
FAA, Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center
David N. Lankford
Alan B. Jones
James H. Yates
Shahar Ladecky
FAA, Williams J. Hughes Technical Center
Brian Colamosca,
Bennett Flax,
Dale Livingston, and
Robert Rigolizzo
NASA Langley Research Center
George C. Greene
Eurocontrol
Steve Hockaday
Mike Perry
Liz Davies
National Aerospace Laboratory NLR
Peter Blanker
PREFACE
v
CENA
Lionel Banege
U.K.NATS
Ian Parker
DFS
Mike Morr
Rannoch Corporation
Roger A. Shepherd
TRW/SETA
Don Weitzman
Lockheed-Martin Corporation
Anton Nagl
Boeing Corporation
Bob Schwab
Arek Shakarian
Virginia Polytechnic Institute
Antonio A. Trani
Hanif Sherali
Delta Airlines
Bill Jones
Samis & Hamilton
Paul Hamilton
Mitre/CAASD
Mark J. Rockman
Finally, the editor would like to thank Don Weitzman and Marie Pollard of TRW/SETA
for their editorial assistance.
¾Stephen Cohen, FAA
May 20, 1998
SEPARATION SAFETY MODELING
vi
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INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE
1-1
1.0 INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
In today’s air traffic environment there is an emphasis on economic, cost-efficient
operations and the need to not just maintain aviation safety, but dramatically improve it.
With this emphasis has come the requirement to modernize en route and terminal air traffic
operations. This is being accomplished by transitioning to satellite-based navigation and
surveillance, the equipage of ground facilities and aircraft cockpits with new technology,
and the introduction of new airspace procedures and rules.
Both the FAA and EUROCONTROL face this challenge of airspace modernization. An
overriding concern of both organizations is that as the modernization occurs, aviation
safety is maintained and improved. Most current en route and terminal area separation
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