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The OODA Loop is an interlaced decision model which provides immediate feedback throughout the decision-making process. For SRM purposes, an abbreviated version of the concept [Figure 1-10] provides an easily understood tool for the balloon pilot.
The first node of the OODA Loop, Observe, reflects the need for situational awareness. A balloon pilot must be aware of those things around him or her that may impact the flight. Continuous monitoring of wind, weather, ground track, balloon responses, and so forth provide a constant reference point by which the pilot knows his or her starting point on the loop. This permits the ability to immediately move to the next step.
Orient, the second node of the OODA Loop, focuses the pilot’s attention on one or more discrepancies in the flight. For example, while contour flying over trees, the balloon passes the edge of the tree line and begins a gradual descent. The pilot is aware of this deviation and considers available options in view of potential hazards to continued flight.
The pilot then moves to the third node, Decide, in which he or she determines the action to create a specific desired effect. That decision is made based on experience and knowledge of potential results of a particular action. The pilot then Acts on that decision, making a physical input to cause the balloon to react in the desired fashion.
Once the OODA Loop has been completed, the pilot is once again in the Observe position. Assessment of the resulting action is added to the previously perceived aspects of the
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F
igure 1-8. The Observation, Orientation, Decision, Action (OODA Loop).Dave has received his weather information for an afternoon flight, and finds the winds are forecast to stay above 7 mph until just before sunset. He goes ahead with planning the flight, believing the winds will decrease, and will soon be going out to the launch site to start preparations for launch.In this example, Dave is in the Observe part of the decision cycle. He will continue to Observe until he detects a condition that would cause him to cancel the flight. Dave has completed a full cycle of the OODA Loop, but has returned to the Observe node to continue to monitor the weather.Upon reaching the launch site, Dave checks the winds using a pibal and finds that winds are decreasing. He believes a flight can be safely conducted, and goes ahead with his launch plans. After launch, Dave finds that the winds are in a direction that is not quite what was forecast, and are taking him into an area with few good landing areas. He continues the flight, and watches the direction closely to detect any further change of direction.In this example, Dave has completed an OODA decision-making cycle, and has returned to the Orient node. He will continue to monitor the situation, being aware of changes, and is prepared to make a decision when the situation warrants.Twenty minutes into the flight, Dave notices frost forming on the outside of the fuel fitting leading to the burner. Since he cannot tighten the fitting (it is a fixed fitting), he decides to shut off the fuel on that side, vent the line, and land as soon as practicable in accordance with the established “emer-gency” procedure.Here, Dave has completed an entire Decision cycle in a very short time due to the circumstances of the situation. He will now move to the Act node, and will take action to resolve the issue before it causes danger to him or his passenger.While making an approach to land, Dave’s passenger, Pat, alerts him to powerlines running across the near side of the small field. Dave evaluates his approach and Acts to land accordingly, knowing that winds may shift somewhat as he descends. He touches down well past the powerlines, never having put him or his passenger at risk, and has an uneventful deflation.Dave again completed an OODA Loop decision-making cycle. Had there been an indication that the approach could not be safely completed, Dave could have made a decision to abort the landing (Decide), and then performed an Act to effect a change.ACTOBSERVEORIENTDECIDEOBSERVEORIENTDECIDEACTORIENTDECIDEACTOBSERVEDECIDEACTOBSERVEORIENT
Figure 1-11. Using the OODA Loop as a model, it is possible to have multiple decision-making cycles in progress, in different stages of completion. While these examples show a sequence, this is not always the case; the OODA Loop cycles may overlap in any stage of execution.
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flight to further define the flight’s progress. The advantage of the OODA Loop Model is that it may be cumulative. Also, multiple cycles in different stages of completion may be occurring at any given point in the flight. Balloon Certificate Eligibility Requirements
To be eligible to fly a balloon solo, an applicant must be at least 14 years of age and demonstrate satisfactory aeronautical knowledge on a test developed by a flight instructor. Flight training must be received and logged for the maneuvers and procedures in 14 CFR part 61 that are appropriate to the make and model of aircraft to be flown. Only after all of these requirements are met can a flight instructor endorse a student's certificate and logbook for solo flight.
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Balloon Flying Handbook(17)
