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Accident. An occurrence associated with the operation of an aircraft which takes place between the time any person boards the aircraft with the intention of flight and all such persons have disembarked, and in which any person suffers death or serious injury, or in which the aircraft receives substantial damage. (NTSB 830.2)
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM). A reference publication for pilots.
Airworthiness directive (AD). A regulatory notice sent out by the FAA to the registered owner of an aircraft informing him or her of a condition that prevents the aircraft from meeting its conditions for airworthiness. Compliance requirements will be stated in the AD.
Adiabatic process. In weather, the change of the temperature of air without transferring heat. In the adiabatic process, compression of the air mass results in the warming of the air; conversely, the expansion of the air mass results in cooling of the air.
Administrator. The FAA Administrator or any person to whom he or she has delegated authority in the matter concerned.
Aeronaut. A person who operates or travels in a balloon or airship.
Glossary
Aeronautical Decision-Making (ADM). A systematic approach to the mental process, used by pilots to consistently determine the best course of action in response to a given set of circumstances.
Aeronautics. The branch of science that deals with flight and with the operations of all types of aircraft.
Aerostat. A device supported in the air by displacing more than its own weight of air.
Automated flight service station (AFSS). An air traffic facility that provides pilot briefings and numerous other services.
AGL. Above ground level.
Aircraft. A device that is used or intended to be used for flight in the air.
Airport. An area of land or water that is used for the landing and takeoff of an aircraft.
Altimeter. A pressure reading device that, when properly calibrated, indicates the height of the aircraft above mean sea level (MSL). An altimeter is a required instrument in a balloon, as directed by 14 CFR Part 31, Airworthiness Standards: Manned Free Balloons.
Altimeter setting. The station pressure (barometric pressure at the location the reading is taken) which has been corrected for the height of the station above sea level.
Ambient air. Air surrounding the outside of a balloon envelope.
Anabatic winds. In weather, a wind that blows up the slope of a hill or mountain due to increased heating along the valley walls.
G-2
Annual inspection. A maintenance term directed by 14 CFR part 91, section 91.409, which states that “no person may operate an aircraft unless, within the preceding 12 calendar months, it has had—(1) an annual inspection…and has been approved for return to service…”
Apex line. A line attached to the top of most balloons to assist in inflation or deflation. Also called crown line or top handling line.
Approved. Approved by the FAA Administrator or person authorized by the Administrator.
Archimedes’ Principle. The Greek mathematician’s principle of buoyancy, which states that an object (a balloon) immersed in a fluid (the air) loses as much of its own weight as the weight of the fluid it replaces.
ATC. Air Traffic Control.
Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS). The continuous broadcast (by radio or telephone) of recorded noncontrol, essential but routine, information in selected terminal areas.
Automatic Weather Observing System (AWOS). Continuous broadcast (by radio or telephone) of weather conditions at selected locations.
Ballast. Gas ballooning term; used to control buoyancy, and therefore altitude, during flight. Ballast, usually in the form of sand or water, is carried aloft by the gas balloon at launch. As the balloon pilot needs to adjust altitude, a small amount of ballast is jettisoned overboard, thereby reducing the gross weight of the balloon at that point in time. The balloon will then rise to a new pressure altitude, where it will remain until there is another dynamic change in the lift equation.
Balloon. A lighter-than-air aircraft that is not engine driven, and that sustains flight through the use of either gas buoyancy or an airborne heater.
Balloon Federation of America (BFA). A national association for balloon pilots and enthusiasts in the United States, and affiliated with the National Aeronautic Association. Information about the BFA can be found at www.bfa.net
Balloon flight manual. A manual containing operating instructions, limitations, weight, and performance information, which must be available in an aircraft during flight. Portions of the flight manual are FAA approved.
Basket. That portion of a hot air balloon that carries the pilot, passengers, cargo, fuel, and instruments.
Blast valve. The valve on a propane burner that controls the flow of propane burned to produce heat.
Bowline knot. Pronounced boh' lin. A common knot that is easy to tie and untie and will not slip.
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Balloon Flying Handbook(144)
