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Btu (British thermal unit). A measurement of heat. The amount of heat required to raise 1 pound of water from 60 to 61 °F.
Buoyancy. In ballooning, when the balloon is zero weight and is neither climbing nor falling.
Burn. A common term meaning to activate the main blast valve and produce a full flame for the purpose of heating the air in the envelope.
Burner. See Heater.
Capacity. See Volume.
Captive balloon. Commonly used to describe a balloon that is permanently anchored to the ground.
Category. According to Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations: (1) As used with respect to the certification, ratings, privileges, and limitations of airmen, means a broad classification of aircraft. Examples include: airplane; rotorcraft; glider; and lighter-than-air; and (2) As used with respect to the certification of aircraft, means a grouping of aircraft based upon intended use or operating limitations. Examples include: transport, normal, utility, acrobatic, limited, restricted, and provisional (14 CFR part 1).
Ceiling. The lowest broken or overcast layer of clouds or vertical visibility into an obscuration.
CFR. Code of Federal Regulations.
Charles’ Law. If the pressure of a gas is held constant and its absolute temperature is increased, the volume of the gas will also increase. This principle is particularly relevant in gas ballooning.
Checklist. A tool that is used as a human factors aid in aviation safety. It is a systematic and sequential list of all operations that must be performed to properly accomplish a task.
G-3
Class. According to Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations: (1) As used with respect to the certification, ratings, privileges, and limitations of airmen, means a classification of aircraft within a category having similar operating characteristics. Examples include: single-engine; multiengine; land; water; gyroplane; helicopter; airship; and free balloon; and (2) As used with respect to the certification of aircraft, means a broad grouping of aircraft having similar characteristics of propulsion, flight or landing. Examples include: airplane, rotorcraft, glider, balloon, landplane, and seaplane.” (14 CFR part 1)
Coating. A thin synthetic added to the surface of balloon fabric to lessen porosity and ultraviolet-light damage.
Cold front. In weather, the leading edge of a cold air mass displacing a warmer air mass.
Cold inflation. Forcing cold air into the envelope, giving it some shape to allow heating with the heater.
Commercial pilot. A person who, for compensation or hire, is certificated to fly an aircraft carrying passengers or cargo.
Controlled airspace. Airspace designated as Class A, B, C, D, or E within which air traffic control service is provided to some or all aircraft.
Convection. Generally, the transfer of heat energy in a fluid. As applied to weather, the type of heat transfer occurring in the atmosphere when the ground is heated by the sun.
Cooling vent. A vent, in the side or top of the balloon envelope, which opens to release hot air, and that closes after the release of air automatically.
Crew chief. A crewmember who is assigned the responsibility of organizing and directing other crewmembers.
Crown line. A line attached to the top of most balloons to assist in the inflation and deflation of the envelope. Sometimes referred to as apex line or top handling line.
Currency. Common usage for recent flight experience. In order to carry passengers, a pilot must have performed three takeoffs and three landings within the preceding 90 days. In order to carry passengers at night, a pilot must have performed three takeoffs and three landings to a full stop at night (the period beginning 1 hour after sunset and ending 1 hour before sunrise).
Dacron. The registered trade name for polyester fabric developed by DuPont.
Declination. A term useful in map reading. Declination is the difference between true north and magnetic north, and is usually defined on an aviation sectional map or a topographical map.
Density altitude. As defined in the Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge, FAA-H-8083-25, “pressure altitude corrected for nonstandard temperature.” However, a more pertinent definition is that in the Airman’s Information Manual, which explains density altitude as being nothing more than a way to comparatively measure aircraft performance. See paragraph 7-5-6 of the AIM for a complete discussion.
Deflation panel. A panel at the top of the balloon envelope that is deployed at landing to release all hot air (or other lifting gas) from the envelope. A parachute top is a form of deflation panel.
Designated pilot examiner (DPE). A person appointed by the Administrator who may accept application for certificates, administer practical exams, and issue pilot certificates. DPEs are considered to be technically qualified, and must have a good industry reputation for professionalism and integrity.
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Balloon Flying Handbook(145)
