Aircraft
Weight and Balance
Handbook
2007
U.S. Department of Transportation
Federal Aviation Administration
Flight Standards Service
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Preface
FAA -H-8083-1A, Aircraft Weight and Balance Handbook,
has been prepared in recognition of the importance of
weight and balance technology in conducting safe and
efficient flight. The objective of this handbook is twofold:
to provide the Airframe and Powerplant Mechanic (A&P)
with the method of determining the empty weight and
empty-weight center of gravity (EWCG) of an aircraft,
and to furnish the flightcrew with information on loading
and operating the aircraft to ensure its weight is within the
allowable limit and the center of gravity (CG) is within the
allowable range.
Any time there is a conflict between the information in this
handbook and specific information issued by an aircraft
manufacturer, the manufacturer’s data takes precedence
over information in this handbook. Occasionally, the
word must or similar language is used where the desired
action is deemed critical. The use of such language is not
intended to add to, interpret, or relieve a duty imposed by
Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR).
This publication may be purchased from the
Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
Office (GPO), Washington, DC 20402-9325, or from
GPO’s web site.
http://bookstore.gpo.gov
This handbook is also available for download, in pdf
format, from the Regulatory Support Division’s (AFS-600)
web site.
http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/
avs/offices/afs/afs600
This handbook is published by the U.S. Department of
Transporation, Federal Aviation Administration, Airmen
Testing Standards Branch, AFS-630, P.O. Box 25082,
Oklahoma City, OK 73125.
Comments regarding this publication should be sent, in
email form, to the following address.
AFS630Comments@faa.gov
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Introduction
This handbook begins with the basic principle of aircraft
weight and balance control, emphasizing its importance
and including examples of documentation furnished by the
aircraft manufacturer and by the FAA to ensure the aircraft
weight and balance records contain the proper data.
Procedures for the preparation and the actual weighing
of an aircraft are described, as are the methods of
determining the location of the empty-weight center of
gravity (EWCG) relative to both the datum and the mean
aerodynamic chord (MAC).
Loading computations for general aviation aircraft are
discussed, using both loading graphs and tables of weight
and moment indexes.
Information is included that allows an A&P mechanic or
repairman to determine the weight and center of gravity (CG)
changes caused by repairs and alterations. This includes
instructions for conducting adverse-loaded CG checks, also
explaining the way to determine the amount and location of
ballast needed to bring the CG within allowable limits.
The unique requirements for helicopter weight and balance
control are discussed, including the determination of
lateral CG and the way both lateral and longitudinal CG
change as fuel is consumed.
A chapter is included giving the methods and examples
of solving weight and balance problems, using handheld
electronic calculators, E6-B flight computers, and a
dedicated electronic flight computer.
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Contents
Chapter 1
Weight and Balance Control.........................................1-1
Weight Control.................................................................1-1
Effects of Weight.............................................................1-2
Weight Changes...............................................................1-2
Stability and Balance Control..........................................1-3
Weight Control for Aircraft other than
Fixed and Rotorwing........................................................1-5
Chapter 2
Weight and Balance Theory
and Documentation........................................................2-1
Weight and Balance Theory.............................................2-1
Aircraft Arms, Weights, and Moments............................2-1
The Law of the Lever.......................................................2-1
Determining the CG.........................................................2-2
Shifting the CG................................................................2-3
Basic Weight and Balance Equation................................2-4
Shifting the Airplane CG.................................................2-5
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