曝光台 注意防骗
网曝天猫店富美金盛家居专营店坑蒙拐骗欺诈消费者
The Practice of Gas BallooningGas Balloon Regulations
For a pilot with a hot air rating, certification to fly gas balloons requires the removal of the “with airborne heater” limitation on his or her certificate. For a private pilot gas rating, aeronautical experience requirements in Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) section 61.109(h) (1) require “…at least two flights of at least 2 hours each that consists of
(i) At least one training flight with an authorized instructor within 60 days prior to application for the rating on the areas of operation for a gas balloon;
(ii) At least one flight performing the duties of pilot in command in a gas balloon with an authorized instructor; and
(iii) At least one flight involving a controlled ascent to 3,000 feet above the launch site. ”
The regulation for removal of the airborne heater restriction from an existing hot air pilot’s certificate (14 CFR Section 61.115 Balloon ratings: Limitations) states:
(2) The limitation may be removed when the person obtains the required aeronautical experience in a gas balloon and receives a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor who attests to the person’s accomplishment of the required aeronautical experience and ability to satisfactorily operate a gas balloon.
NOTE: Only a logbook entry is required to complete the process (no check ride), since the gas authorization is a removal of a restriction from an existing rating rather than an issuance of a new rating.
The regulations for the aeronautical experience for a commercial rating are virtually identical according to 14 CFR section 61.129(h)(4)(i) except that the student must act as pilot in command on both flights and the controlled ascent must be to “…5,000 feet above the launch site.”
11-9
Figure 11-9. America’s Challenge launch at Fiesta Park, Albuquerque, New Mexico.debris and trash and to check for obstructions to inflation or takeoff. Layout and assembly differ by balloon type, but should proceed according to the balloon’s flight manual. For quick fill balloons, layout should be downwind, similar to hot air balloons. A crew briefing should be performed and a crew chief should be designated. Safety must be emphasized; new crew members must be given specific instructions and be assigned to a more experienced crew member for guidance. Gas balloon launches still tend to draw a crowd and some form of crowd control may be required. [Figure 11-9]
A launch restraint should be secured and additional inflation ballast (weighing several hundred pounds more than the pilots and supplies that eventually are on board) should be added to the gondola.
The start of gas flow is a critical point in the inflation. A slow initial flow allows a last minute check of cable routings and crew positions. Surface weather conditions determine flow rate after the initial checkout. For quick fill systems, a partially filled envelope is much more subject to twisting in wind gusts. A flaccid envelope tends to present a concave (spoon-shaped) surface to the wind, producing a higher drag factor and placing more stress on the entire system. Once the envelope’s shape has filled out to a convex (beach ball) shape, it is more able to stand by shedding wind gusts around it. Quick fill systems are much more subject to this effect than are netted balloons.
As described in the section on balloon systems, a netted balloon envelope is laid out flat on the ground and its shape during inflation resembles a sphere rising out of the ground. It always presents a convex (shedding) shape to the wind. A separate step is required after inflation to install the basket and attach it to the load lines coming down from the net.
Additional areas of specific interest to gas balloon pilots are the regulation for currency for night flight according to 14 CFR section 61.57(b)(1):
“…no person may act as pilot in command of an aircraft carrying passengers during the period beginning 1 hour after sunset and ending 1 hour before sunrise unless within the preceding 90 days that person has made at least three takeoffs and three landings to a full stop during the period beginning 1 hour after sunset and ending 1 hour before sunrise.”
NOTE: This is similar to the currency for day flight and only applies to flights with passengers. It does not prohibit night flight when only pilots are on board.
Also of interest are the sections on aircraft lights (14 CFR section 91.209) for night flight; the use of supplemental oxygen (14 CFR section 91.211), and the use of transponders (14 CFR section 91.215).Flight Planning
During the planning stage of the flight, the objectives of the flight should be established. Possibilities include: training, pleasure, competition, record setting, new equipment checkout, or possibly scientific investigation. Then, the expected flight parameters should be developed. These include the number of pilots and passengers, balloon parameters (type, size, and lifting gas to be used), launch time and location, expected duration, required weather, maximum altitude, and predicted landing zone. If a fixed date has been selected for the flight, an initial meteorological assessment should be made approximately three days out and subsequent weather developments are used to make a “go/no-go” decision. If the flight date is flexible over an extended time window, continual monitoring of the weather is required until proper conditions develop.
中国航空网 www.aero.cn
航空翻译 www.aviation.cn
本文链接地址：
Balloon Flying Handbook(137)
