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Naxing
Naxing 1 is an experimental 25-kg “nanosatellite” launched piggyback with Shiyan 1 in April 2004 and said to be used to conduct “some high-tech experiments.” Little is known about its full functions. It is the world’s smallest satellite with three-axis stabilization. As of July 2010, it was apparently still in operation (“Naxing 1”; Johnson-Freese, 2005, p. 8; “UCS Satellite Database”).
Zheda Pixing
Zheda Pixing 1, a “picosatellite” developed by Zhejiang University and Shanghai Institute of Microsystems and Information Technology, CAS, was launched in May 2007. It has no moving parts and no atti-tude control and weighs only 2.5 kg. It is designed for microelectronic mechanical systems (MEMS) experiments for systems such as accel-erometers, microgyros, and infrared sensors. Little else is publicized about its mission or specifications. As of July 2010, it was apparently still in operation (“UCS Satellite Database”).
On September 22, 2010, two additional satellites in the series,
Zheda Pixing 1B and Zheda Pixing 1C, were launched. They, too, are said to have been developed by Zhejiang University “for microelectron-ics studies to provide a testbed in near-earth space for MEMS devices, such as an accelerometer, micro-gyros and infrared sensors” (“Zheda Pixing 1B”).
Xiwang 1
Xiwang 1 (“Hope 1”) is a 50-kg Chinese amateur-radio satellite launched as a secondary payload with Yaogan 8 in December 2009 (“Yaogan Series,” 2010).
Double Star
The Double Star (Tan Ce) dual satellites are part of a cooperative ven-ture with the European Space Agency (ESA) to conduct space-science experiments. Their mission is to study the earth’s magnetic field and particle environment, operating in concert with ESA’s four Cluster spacecraft. Double Star 1 burnt up on reentry in 2007, but Double Star 2 was apparently still in orbit as of July 2010, although its mis-sion was said to have been terminated (“Double Star [Tan Ce],” 2010; “UCS Satellite Database”).
Assessment
China’s space capabilities have made remarkable progress over the past two decades. Its satellite capabilities, in particular, have gone from rudimentary to near-state-of-the-art in some areas. Prior to 1988, the only satellites China had orbited other than experimental satellites were recoverable film reconnaissance satellites and low-capacity telecommu-nications satellites. Since that time, however, China has successively developed and deployed a series of weather satellites, medium-capacity communications satellites, electro-optical reconnaissance satellites, PNT satellites, ocean-surveillance satellites, SAR satellites, high-capacity communications satellites, and possibly signals-intelligence or electronic-intelligence satellites. The capacity and reliability of China’s space launch vehicles have increased as well.
中国航空网 www.aero.cn
航空翻译 www.aviation.cn
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Ready for Takeoff China’s Advancing Aerospace Industry(68)
