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Other recent satellites in the Shijian series are Shijian 5, launched in May 1999, and Shijian 8, launched in September 2006 (no infor-mation is available on a Shijian 9 or 10, if they exist). Shijian 5 was apparently a test of a modular minisatellite platform to be used for various applications, although objectives of the mission reportedly also included measurement of high-energy particles in near-earth space and a microgravity fluid-physics experiment. The satellite is no longer oper-ational. Shijian 8 was officially a recoverable microgravity seed-growing mission (using the same recoverable capsule used by China’s FSW film reconnaissance satellites) designed to study the effects of radiation and microgravity on different varieties of fruit and vegetable seeds, fungi, and molecular biomaterials. No information is available on whether the mission had additional purposes. The recoverable capsule returned to earth after 15 days, and the satellite reentered the atmosphere in November 2006 (“Shijian Series,” 2010)
Beijing 1 (DMC-4, Tsinghua-2)
Beijing 1 is an earth-mapping small satellite, built in cooperation with Surrey Satellite Company of England and launched in October 2005. It carries the China Mapping Telescope, with a resolution of about 4 m (“Europe’s Student-Built Satellite Rockets into Space,” 2005). Another imaging camera on board has resolution of 32 m. The satellite weighs 150 kg. As of July 2010, it was apparently still in operation (“China DMC+4 Satellite Launched, Carries 4 m Resolution Camera,” 2005; “UCS Satellite Database”).
Chuangxin
Chuangxin 1, launched in October 2003, is a mini “store and forward” communications satellite. It was developed by CAS, the Shanghai Acad-emy of Space Technology (SAST, a subsidiary of CASC), and Shanghai Telecom. The project has been carried out jointly by researchers from the CAS Shanghai Institute of Microsystem Information Technology and the CAS Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics (“Small Satel-lite Launch Successful,” 2003). Chuangxin 1 was launched piggyback with CBERS-2 in 2003 and weighs less than 100 kg (“CBERS 2 and Chuangxin 1 to Be Launched on 21st or 22nd,” 2003). CAS claims that it will serve a range of functions by providing data communica-tions for such sectors as traffic and transportation, environmental pro-tection, oil and gas transportation, flood and drought control, detec-tion of forest fires, and earthquake monitoring. As of July 2010, it was apparently still in operation (“UCS Satellite Database”; “Small Satellite Launch Successful,” 2003).
A second satellite in the series, Chuangxin 2, was launched in November 2008 and was apparently still in operation as of July 2010 (“UCS Satellite Database”). Information on its nominal purpose was not available.
Shiyan
The Shiyan (“Test”) satellite (also called Tansuo or Experimental Sat-ellite) is the first Chinese satellite capable of stereo earth-terrain map-ping. Its applications are allegedly civilian in nature, but the test of its systems is said to be useful for military reconnaissance spacecraft under development. Shiyan 1, launched in April 2004, is relatively light at 204 kg. No word was given about its development before launch. It is said to have a 10-m stereo resolution observation capacity, developed with input from Astrium. It was developed by CAS, the Research Insti-tute of Space Technology, Xi’an Surveys and Designs Institute, Harbin Polytechnic University, and Changchun Photomechanical Institute. A second satellite in the series, Shiyan 2, launched in November 2004, is larger at 300 kg, and descriptions of its mission are vague. A third satellite, Shiyan 3, was launched in November 2008. Information on its nominal purpose is not available. As of July 2010, all three satel-lites were apparently still in operation (“China Launches Two New Satellites,” 2004; “Experimental Satellite #1 and Naxing #1 Sent into Space,” 2004; Hitchens, 2006, pp. 12–13; “UCS Satellite Database”).
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