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are required.
5.2.2.3.3 Recommendation.- Ifa frequency designated
by an aeronautical station proves to be unsuitable, the aircmji
station should suggest an alternative frequency.
5.2.2.3.4 PANS.- When, notwithstanding the provisions
of 5.1.1, air-ground frequencies are used for the exchange
5.22.4 Establishment of communications
5.2.2.4.1 Aircraft stations shall, if possible, communicate
directly with the air-ground control radio station appropriate to
the area in which the aircraft are flying. If unable to do so,
aircraft stations shall use any relay means available and
appropriate to transmit messages to the air-ground control
radio station.
5.2.2.4.2 When normal communications from an
aeronautical station to an aircraft station cannot be established,
the aeronautical station shall use any relay means available
and appropriate to transmit messages to the aircraft station. If
these efforts fail, the originator shall be advised in accordance
with procedures prescribed by the appropriate Authority.
5.2.2.4.3 PANS.- When, in network operation,
communication between an aircraft station and a regular
station has not been established afrer calls on the primary and
secondary frequencies, aid should be rendered by one of the
other regular stations for that flight, either by calling the
attention of the station first called or, in the case of a call
ntade by an aircrafr station, by answering the call and taking
the traffic.
5.2.2.4.3.1 PANS.- Other stations of the network should
render assistance by taking similar action only if attempts to
establish communications by the regular stations have proved
unsuccessful.
5.2.2.4.4 PANS.- The provisions of 5.2.2.4.3 and
5.2.2.4.3.1 should also be applied:
a) on request of the air traflc services unit concerned;
b) when an expected communication from an aircrafr has
not been received within a time period such that the
occurrence of a communication failure is suspected.
Note.- A specific time period may be prescribed by the
appropriate ATS Authoriiy.
5.2.2.5 Transfer of HF communications
5.2.2.5.1 PANS.- An aircraft station should be advised
by the appropriate aeronautical station to transfer from one
radio frequency or network to another. In the absence of such
advice, the aircraji station should notify the appropriate
aeronautical station before such transfer takes place.
Chapter 5 Annex 10 - Aeronautical Telecommunications
5.2.2.5.2 PANS.- In the case of transfer from one
network to another, the transfer should preferably take place
while the aircrafr is in communication with a station operating
in both networks to ensure continuity of communications. I f :
however, the change of network must take place concurrently
with the transfer of communication to another network station,
the transfer should be coordinated by the two network stations
prior to advising or authorizing the frequency change. The
aircrafr should also be advised of the primary and secondary
frequencies to be used after the transfer.
5.2.2.5.3 An aircraft station which has transferred
communications watch from one radio frequency to another
shall, when so required by the appropriate ATS Authority,
inform the aeronautical station concerned that communications
watch has been established on the new frequency.
5.2.2.5.4 PANS.- When entering a network afrer take-
05 an aircraft station should transmit its take-off rime or time
over the last check-point, to the appropriate regular station.
5.2.2.5.5 PANS.- When entering a new network, an
aircrafr station should transmit the time over the last
checkpoint, or of its last reported position, to the appropriate
regular station.
5.2.2.5.6 PANS.- Before leaving the network, an
aircrafr station should in all cases advise the appropriate
regular station of its intention to do so by transmitting one of
the following phrases, as appropriate:
a} when transferring to a pilot-to-controller channel:
Aircrafr: CHANGING TO . . . (air traffic services unit
concerned}
b) after landing:
Aircrafr: LANDED . . . (location) . . . (time)
5.2.2.6 Transfer of VHF communications
5.2.2.6.1 An aircraft shall be advised by the appropriate
aeronautical station to transfer from one radio frequency to
another in accordance with agreed procedures. In the absence
of such advice, the aircraft station shall notify the appropriate
aeronautical station before such a transfer takes place.
5.2.2.6.2 When establishing initial contact on, or when
leaving, a VHF frequency, an aircraft station shall transmit
such information as may be prescribed by the appropriate
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