曝光台 注意防骗
网曝天猫店富美金盛家居专营店坑蒙拐骗欺诈消费者
EATMP activity, which was delivered on 24
January 2002, on time, within budget, with
the commitment of all the stakeholders ?and
which met the performance objectives safely.
RVSM was implemented in 41 States across
Europe and part of North Africa. RVSM provides
an additional six flight levels, resulting
in additional airspace capacity, reduced enroute
delays and fuel savings for airspace
users.
Over 8,000 civil aircraft were RVSM compliant
ahead of the implementation date. This
is a not insignificant achievement given that
it required working with 100 State certification
authorities to ensure the necessary
modifications of avionics.
The overriding benefit of RVSM is the
increase in airspace capacity, which has
directly reduced flight delays. This increase
is estimated at around 14% for the area
where RVSM was implemented in 2002. It is
little wonder that the programme won the
Flight International Aerospace Industry
Award shortly after its implementation.
ATM tools
The air traffic control and data processing
domain continued its mission to prepare for
new tools in ATM to increase safety,
capacity and efficiency.
Improving Flight Data Management (FDM)
has been the key activity. The ensuing
quantification of flight data reveals some
startling inconsistencies e.g:
up to 44% of the flight data is different in
the 2D description of the route
compared to the CFMU flight data;
over 40% of flights have differences in
the requested flight levels in the cruise
phase recorded in the CFMU compared
to the flight data used by pilots.
It is estimated that this leads to a cost to
European stakeholders of EUR 30 million
per year just to correct flight data anomalies.
Action will now be taken with a view
to implementing improvements and creating
a common flight object, which is
continuously kept updated and which will
be made available to all ATC systems.
Other developments included:
a flight data management concept to
describe how flight data should be
shared between stakeholder systems;
a set of interoperability requirements for
ATC flight data processing systems at
airports, aircraft operators and ATFM
units.
Automated support to Air Traffic
Services (ATS)
The Automated Support to ATS
Programme is developing advanced ATC
tools to be used by air navigation service
providers such as validated operational
requirements, generic specification documents
and guidance material for implementation
of advanced ATS functions.
The deliverables also provide an agreed
and stable set of requirements for the
ATC systems industry to develop their
future products.
Operational "concept of use" documents
are now available for a number of automated
functions, such as conflict detection
and resolution, sequencing tools and
multi-sector planning functions.
A series of field trials was run on mediumterm
conflict detection (MTCD) automation
using the EUROCONTROL PROVE platform.
The first trials have been successfully
performed in Malm?Area Control
Centre in Sweden. Conflict Resolution
Assistance (CORA) was demonstrated
in a simulated environment.
26 - 27 I European Air Traffic Management Programme
Human factors
There is growing recognition of the important
role of human factors in ATM. The integration
of human resources into ATM systems
addresses issues such as human
error, new procedures and technology,
manpower management issues, e.g. manpower
planning, recruitment, selection, harmonisation
of training and licensing, and
also development of concepts,
guidelines, methods and tools.
A Human Factors Integration Repository
has been established to provide guidance
material to ATM managers and human factors
experts on how to use human factors
tools. There is now also available a range
of personal and career development tools
for operational staff, including Human Error
Analysis tools, Air Traffic Controllers
(ATCO) Selection Guidelines and
Assessment of Operational Competency. A
generic set of core requirements for ATM
controller working positions has also been
published for industry.
Stakeholder awareness of human factors
was an important issue for the Agency.
Guidelines on the integration of human
factors into EATMP programmes were
developed during 2002 and will be validated
in 2003. The EATMP Human Factors
Laboratory has been inaugurated and first
experiments have started which should
中国航空网 www.aero.cn
航空翻译 www.aviation.cn
本文链接地址：
EUROCONTROL Annual Report 2002(13)
