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relatively short flying season. The
average duty day is 14 hours, and in
that you can cram as much flying in
as you can within the bounds of
reason (in Europe, you can only do 7
hours in a typical maximum of 10
duty hours, depending on when you
start your working day). You can
also be on duty up to 42 days (six
weeks) without a day off.
The written tests are quite practical,
allowing for Canada being the largest
country in the world with anything
from mountainous areas to sparsely
settled regions to operate in, the
latter requiring a minimum amount
of survival equipment and
knowledge. There are multiplechoice
questions (thought by some
people to be easier), which can be
easily completed inside 3.5 hours,
and all you do is turn up at any
Transport Canada Licensing Office
(one in every city) during business
hours, with a Letter of
Recommendation or proof of
exemption, proof of at least 100
hours flight time, made up of the
usual elements of night, cross
country, etc., Canadian medical
certificate and the fees (they take
credit cards). Compared to the three
days required in UK, this seems
ridiculously short, but all is not as it
seems - you’ve got the flight test to
do yet! For that, you can expect to
use up more or less a whole day,
with the flight being approximately 2
hours, and your planning will be
inspected thoroughly.
Before taking off, you and your
examiner retire to a quiet room for
an intense session of question-andanswer,
with a fair emphasis on
actually being a commercial pilot.
For example, you could be asked for
your reaction to a passenger who
turns up with far too much baggage
Qualifications 9
and insists that he got it all in last
week, as if being interviewed for a
job in your examiner’s own
company. Otherwise, you must
know what documents an airworthy
aircraft requires, their validity and
when they must be carried, how
weather is reported, what types of
airspace you might fly through on
your trip, who you would call to pass
through them (many aerodromes are
operated remotely), danger areas, etc.
You will not be expected to know
map symbols and the like off by
heart, but you will be expected to
know where to find the information.
During the preflight briefing, the
Flight Manual and Canada Flight
Supplement (Pooley’s on steroids)
will be used extensively.
After a couple of hours, you will
move on to preflight the aircraft, and
brief the "passenger", who is actually
the examiner in disguise, and able to
change altimeter settings, hold the
controls while you sort maps out,
etc. Although you will have planned
for a 2 hour flight, after about 20
minutes, when it’s obvious you’re
going in the right direction, and
you’ve come up with a reasonable
groundspeed and amended estimate
for the destination, the trip will be
aborted and you will go into the
other stuff, maybe landing in a
clearing, some instrument flying with
timed turns and unusual attitudes,
electrical failures, etc. During this
time the examiner will be looking for
good cockpit management and
liaison with ATC, if you have any.
In summary, it’s a tough, but
rewarding occupation, where
common sense applies just as much
as regulations do. A season flying
helicopters in Canada is highly
recommended for sharpening up
your flying skills—it will certainly
make you a way better pilot.
USA
Essentially similar to Canada, except
you need more hours (150) for a
CPL, 50 of which must be on
helicopters (the rest on powered
aircraft). You also need 100 hours
PIC, with 35 in helicopters and 10
cross country, plus 20 hours on the
subjects in s61.127(b)(3), to include a
2-hour cross-country flight by day
and night in VFR at least 50 miles
long and three hours practice for the
test with in the 60 days before taking
it, on top of 10 hours solo with a
cross country flight having three
landing points and a segment over
50 miles long and 5 hours in night
VFR with 10 takeoffs and landings
with a circuit in between.
The ATPL can be obtained on any
aircraft. You need 1200 hours, with
over 500 cross country and 100 at
night (15 in helicopters). 200 hours
of the total must be in helicopters,
with over 75 PIC, or P1/US (or any
combination). You must also have
75 hours on instruments (actual or
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The Helicopter Pilot’s Handbook(7)
