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The combined size of the
FATO and SA should be
at least twice the overall
length, including rotors,
of the helicopter and,
where it contains the
TLOF (see below), the
surface should be firm
and not blow away with
downwash.
Touchdown and Liftoff
Area (TLOF)
A load bearing area for
touch down and lift off;
it should be free from
slopes, to ease passenger
embarkation and
disembarkation, and not
have them walking uphill
into tail rotors. The
TLOF has a diameter of
at least twice the length
of the helicopter,
including rotors, and is
normally contained
within the FATO (it's the
same minimum size), but
may be separate.
Taxiways
Used where the TLOF is
remote from the FATO,
with a minimum
clearance of 1 rotor
diameter from
obstructions either side
of the rotor disc (that is,
a minimum overall width
of 3 rotor diameters, or
33.9m for the Bell 47).
Helicopter Acceleration
Area (HAA)
Should have a minimum
width of 30m or twice
the overall length of the
Specialised Tasks 57
helicopter, whichever is the greater,
obstacle-free and long enough to
accommodate one third of the
"Takeoff Distance to 100 feet"
(168m—Bell 47) given in the Flight
Manual (therefore 56m). The surface
should be substantially level so a
helicopter can land safely if an
engine fails, without risk of injury to
the occupants or third parties.
Takeoff Area (TA)
At the upwind end of the HAA, with
the same width and at least twice the
length, and free from significant
obstacles. The minimum Takeoff
Distance Available (Helicopters)
(TODAH) should be greater than
the Takeoff Distance Required to
achieve a height of 100 feet, e.g.
more than the HAA and TA
combined. The total length of the
TODAH is therefore about 168m.
Note: Performance figures here are
for the Bell 206B for +20oC and
1000 feet PA at max AUW (hot
Bank Holidays).
The Takeoff Area and downwind
two-thirds of the IAA may contain
insignificant or frangible obstacles
only. The remainder should be
obstacle-free (rope and stakes used
for demarcation and public control
are not considered to be obstacles).
Inner Approach Area (IAA)
For each direction of landing, has
the same width as the HAA and
accommodates the Landing Distance
Required from 100 feet as detailed in
the Flight Manual (but see JARs).
The upwind third of the IAA should
be completely free from obstacles.
The minimum Landing Distance
Available (Helicopters) (LDAH) should
exceed the Landing Distance Required
from 100 feet.
Note: The TODAH and the IAA
are essentially the same patch of
ground, except the TODA is slightly
longer. As both the HAA and the
upwind third of the IAA must be
obstacle-free and are at opposite
ends of this area, the whole TODA
should be obstacle-free.
Side Surfaces and Slopes
The Operational Area will have side
surfaces rising upwards and
outwards to 100 feet at a gradient of
1:1 from the edges of the HAA,
Takeoff Area or IAA which will not
be penetrated by any obstacle, fixed
or transient. It will also be fenced,
roped off or otherwise protected
from intrusion by unauthorised
persons, and therefore should not
include an unguarded right of way.
Takeoff, climb and approach slopes
(which may be curved) must not be
over large areas of water unless you
can land safely on it in emergency.
They should be obstruction-free
with a gradient of not less than 1:8
and be 1000m long, possessing areas
suitable for emergency landing.
Special Events (for UK)
Vast amounts of people being
moved into a major sporting event
(such as The British Grand Prix at
Silverstone) make the feeder sites
used for their lifting and dropping
off liable for special treatment.
These events are good for
business—one good day at
Silverstone keeps some companies in
profit for the year. As for Pleasure
Flying sites, the authorities need to
be notified (in this case at least 28
58 The Helicopter Pilot’s Handbook
days before), but other
considerations arise as well.
First of all, if you sell single seats to
the public, rather than the whole
capacity of the aircraft on a "sole
use" charter basis, you will either
need a full Air Transport Licence, or
an exemption (pleasure flying is a
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本文链接地址：
The Helicopter Pilot’s Handbook(38)
