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till 30 minutes have passed in
average conditions that hypothermia
starts to rear its head, and if you're
not wearing a lifejacket, it will reduce
your ability to use your arms to
swim. Even the method of taking
you out of the water can be
dangerous if it causes the blood to
pool away from the cardiovascular
system – whilst in the water, its
pressure against your body helps
return blood from the lower limbs
back to the heart – this support is
removed once you are out.
Operational Stuff 103
Operations and Forced
Landings In Remote Areas
Because of the difficulties of
communication in remote areas,
Ops, or someone responsible, must
know where you are. If you have to
make a forced landing, you must
ensure that the Company is notified
together with the appropriate ATC,
so that overdue action is not set in
motion unnecessarily. In the Sparsely
Settled Area of Canada you must be
able to communicate with a ground
station from any point along your
route, which possibly means using
SSB HF (5680 KHz), unless within
25 nm of your base or an airport.
When leaving passengers in an
isolated position, you need to make
sure of a couple of things. Firstly,
everyone understands the time (and
date) of pickup, the location and the
method of backup transportation.
Also, keep a record of the names, all
relevant grid references, etc.
Keep in mind the recovery problems
should the engines fail to start after a
shutdown; always position as close
as possible to a track or road to save
trouble later (engineers like being
near a pub as well, if you can manage
it). The track or road will also help as
a line feature to make your way back
with if you wander off and get lost.
Don’t let your fuel get too low – it’s
usually delivered to accurate GPS
co-ordinates, which may be on top
of a frozen lake so the drums will
sink in Spring and not be there when
you want them. Either that or Ops
may have written them down
wrongly. My point is that the added
stress of looking for fuel that isn’t
there when you’re short anyway is
not what you need.
Assuming your passengers don’t
carry too much baggage, you should
be able to carry a few home
comforts, such as a tent, a stove that
runs on aircraft fuel, high-calorie
food and a sleeping bag rated for the
temperatures you expect to meet.
Keep it out of the aircraft when
refuelling, so you don’t get left with
nothing if it catches fire.
If you're forced down, the same
principles of passenger preparation
for landing apply as for ditching (see
above). Having arrived on the
ground, the first task (if necessary) is
to assist survivors and apply First
Aid, after turning on the ELT or
SARBE if you have one, and the
second to provide shelter (once the
ELT is on, leave it on, as that will
make best use of the batteries). The
absence of food and water should
not become a problem for some
time if everyone's had their breakfast
– even in the Arctic, in Summer,
there's plenty of water around, but
you would still be wise to boil it first,
for at least 5 minutes, as cold does
not kill germs. Try not to eat or
drink at all for the first few hours,
and divide whatever you have into
equal parts. When you do eat, go
slowly and eat small amounts of
food. It’s generally best to avoid
mushrooms, as well.
Consider using the aircraft for
shelter if it hasn't burned away, and
has actually stopped bouncing. In
the Arctic, move the wreckage if you
can to the highest point around, so
you can be seen more easily. Maybe
take the cowls off and use them as
reflectors. Don't wander too far
away from it, and ensure that
everyone stays within sight of each
other. Use remaining fuel for light
104 The Helicopter Pilot’s Handbook
and heat as necessary (fuel must be
warm before it will light) and
maintain a positive mental attitude.
The best cure for hypothermia,
when your body loses more heat
than it produces, and your organs
lose their ability to function, is to use
blankets and lukewarm sweet drinks.
Direct heating, as with hot water
bottles, will only serve to open up
surface blood vessels and take heat
away from the core organs, where
it’s most needed. Victims may also
vomit, so give them nil by mouth,
even when they are alert. They may
have altered levels of consciousness,
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The Helicopter Pilot’s Handbook(69)
