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dressing) or moving seismic
equipment about. In fact, many tasks
done with a helicopter are really
extensions of load slinging, and, in
remote areas, this will be a major
part of your bread and butter – really
specialised stuff will be found as
subheadings below. A typical length
is 25 feet, but can be up to 200, so
don’t forget to include the line as
part of the payload – it will be heavy
(try about a pound a foot).
If you get involved with the airconditioning-
type loads on top of
buildings, you will need a permit
from the local authority, who will
also need a lot of advanced notice.
Check also for any bye-laws, the
local environmental people, police
and fire services (who may charge
you for extra crews).
Logging, officially, is removing felled
and bucked logs from areas where all
trees have been felled. It is very fast,
with lots happening at once, and
there will be a smaller helicopter to
carry the used chokers every 75
minutes or so (chokers are lanyards
with the equivalent of a slip knot
which tightens as the load is taken
up, making it more secure). It is not
an operation based on finesse, as the
machines are continually using full
power cycles and undergo a lot of
twisting, etc. If you’re planning to
buy a helicopter that has been used
on logging, inspect it very carefully!
Selective logging is removing wood
from where trees are standing, and is
considerably more dangerous, at
least to workers on the ground,
because the downwash could
dislodge all sorts of things. Cedar
salvage involves moving loads of cut
cedar blocks, which should all be of
a similar length for best stability.
Logs will be taken from high ground
first so there is less risk of anything
falling on workers below and you
can see what’s going on better. They
will be delivered to holding points
on land or in water.
In UK, you will find it useful to
check out the following:
CAP 426 Helicopter External Load Operations
ANO Art 35 Public transport aircraft &
suspended loads
Rule 47 Marshalling signals
ANO Art 55 Picking up and raising of persons &
articles
ANO Art 56 Dropping of articles & animals
In Canada and USA, external loads
come in four classes, A, B, C and D.
A Class A load does not extend
below the landing gear and is usually
bolted to the aircraft, such as a
stretcher, spray kit or fuel tank. A
Class B load can be jettisoned and is
not in contact with land, water or
any other surface. A Class C load is
similar, but remains in contact with
the surface (like when towing) and a
Class D includes a person or is
anything that doesn’t come inside
the other classifications, for which
you need two methods of release
and must use a multi-engined
helicopter that can hover on one
engine in the prevailing conditions,
with appropriate engine isolation.
However, most loads will be Class B.
If you do all this over a built-up area,
an Aerial Work Zone Plan needs to go
to Transport Canada at least 5 days
in advance.
Ex-military pilots will have done all
this as part of their original flying
course, but, in some companies,
"training" is once around the circuit.
If you're "experienced" with some
Specialised Tasks 21
slinging in the past year you can
probably get by with a full briefing
from the Chief Pilot, but there might
be a minimum time for the "circuit"
anyway, as part of initial training. If
you're not current, expect no less
than 2 observed sectors if loading
permits, or at least some training
circuits. There’ll be a bit more for
long-lining, where you need to hover
with your head out of the door so
you can see the load properly, which
has obvious problems when it comes
to checking your Ts & Ps and losing
your baseball hat if it’s not nailed on.
In this case, you might have people
on the ground to help you when you
pick the load up (see below), but you
will more often than not be
dropping it by yourself. The best
way to do so, when you can’t look
out or see much in the mirror, is to
pick the landing spot, then extend
your view forwards and sideways till
you reach something you can see
and use them as markers for a
vertical descent (you can judge your
height from whether the ground
crew are looking up or down).
With external load work, the C of A
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本文链接地址：
The Helicopter Pilot’s Handbook(13)
