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Preface
FAA-H-8083-1, Aircraft Weight and Balance Handbook, has
been prepared in recognition of the importance of weight
and balance technology in conducting safe and efficient
flight. The objective of this handbook is twofold: to provide
the Aviation Maintenance Technician (AMT) with the
method of determining the empty weight and empty-weight
center of gravity (EWCG) of an aircraft, and to furnish the
flight crew with information on loading and operating the
aircraft to ensure its weight is within the allowable limit and
the center of gravity (CG) is within the allowable range.
Any time there is a conflict between the information in this
handbook and specific information issued by an aircraft
manufacturer, the manufacturer’s data takes precedence over
information in this handbook. Occasionally, the word must
or similar language is used where the desired action is
deemed critical. The use of such language is not intended
to add to, interpret, or relieve a duty imposed by Title 14 of
the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR).
This handbook supersedes Advisory Circular (AC) 91-23A,
Pilot’s Weight and Balance Handbook, revised in 1977.
Comments regarding this handbook should be sent to U.S.
Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration,
Airman Testing Standards Branch, AFS-630, P.O.
Box 25082, Oklahoma City, OK 73125.
This publication may be purchased from the Superintendent of
Documents, P.O. Box 371954, Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954, or
from the U.S. Government Printing Office bookstores located in
major cities throughout the United States.
AC 00-2, Advisory Circular Checklist, transmits the current
status of Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) advisory
circulars and other flight information publications. This
checklist is free of charge and may be obtained by sending
a request to U.S. Department of Transportation, Subsequent
Distribution Office, SVC-121.23, Ardmore East Business
Center, 3341 Q 75th Avenue, Landover, MD 20785. The
checklist is also available on the Internet at http://www.
faa.gov/abc/ac-chklst/actoc.htm.
Acknowledgments
This book was produced as a combined FAA and industry effort.
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Introduction
Weight and balance control for large aircraft is discussed,
including cargo management, takeoff and landing conditions,
and the determination of fuel dump time for emergency
conditions. Examples are also given for weight and balance
control of commuter category airplanes in both the passenger
and cargo configuration.
The unique requirements for helicopter weight and balance
control are discussed, including the determination of lateral
CG and the way both lateral and longitudinal CG change as
fuel is consumed.
A chapter is included giving the methods and examples of
solving weight and balance problems, using hand-held
electronic calculators, E6-B flight computers, and a dedicated
electronic flight computer.
This handbook begins with the basic principle of aircraft
weight and balance control, emphasizing its importance and
including examples of documentation furnished by the
aircraft manufacturer and by the FAA to ensure the aircraft
weight and balance records contain the proper data.
Procedures for the preparation and the actual weighing of
an aircraft are described, as are the methods of determining
the location of the empty-weight center of gravity (EWCG)
relative to both the datum and the mean aerodynamic
chord (MAC).
Loading computations for general aviation aircraft are
discussed, using both loading graphs and tables of weight and
moment indexes.
Information is included that allows an Aviation Maintenance
Technician (AMT) to determine the weight and center of gravity
(CG) changes caused by repairs and alterations. This includes
instructions for conducting adverse-loaded CG checks, also
explaining the way to determine the amount and location of
ballast needed to bring the CG within allowable limits.
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Contents
Empty-Weight Center of Gravity Formulas ................... 3-5
Datum Forward of the Airplane—
Nose Wheel Landing Gear ................................... 3-5
Datum Aft of the Main Wheels—
Nose Wheel Landing Gear ................................... 3-6
Datum Forward of the Main Wheels—
Tail Wheel Landing Gear ..................................... 3-6
Datum Aft of the Main Wheels—
Tail Wheel Landing Gear ..................................... 3-7
Location with Respect to the
Mean Aerodynamic Chord ................................... 3-7
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