Center of Gravity
122°
122°
116°
Figure 21-2. Taxiing on rough terrain can send a shock wave
to the rotor system, resulting in the blades of a three-bladed
rotor system moving from their normal 120° relationship to
each other.
21-4
needed. In addition, you should always maintain an
awareness of your surroundings and be constantly on
the alert for suitable emergency landing sites.
When an engine failure occurs at altitude, the first
course of action is to adjust the gyroplane’s pitch attitude
to achieve the best glide speed. This yields the
most distance available for a given altitude, which in
turn, allows for more possible landing sites. Acommon
mistake when learning emergency procedures is
attempting to stretch the glide by raising the nose,
which instead results in a steep approach path at a slow
airspeed and a high rate of descent. [Figure 21-3] Once
you have attained best glide speed, scan the area within
gliding distance for a suitable landing site. Remember
to look behind the aircraft, as well as in front, making
gentle turns, if necessary, to see around the airframe.
When selecting a landing site, you must consider the
wind direction and speed, the size of the landing site,
obstructions to the approach, and the condition of the
surface. A site that allows a landing into the wind and
has a firm, smooth surface with no obstructions is the
most desirable. When considering landing on a road, be
alert for powerlines, signs, and automobile traffic. In
many cases, an ideal site will not be available, and it
will be necessary for you to evaluate your options and
choose the best alternative. For example, if a steady
wind will allow a touchdown with no ground roll, it
may be acceptable to land in a softer field or in a
smaller area than would normally be considered. On
landing, use short or soft field technique, as appropriate,
for the site selected. A slightly higher-than-normal
approach airspeed may be required to maintain adequate
airflow over the rudder for proper yaw control.
EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT AND
SURVIVAL GEAR
On any flight not in the vicinity of an airport, it is
highly advisable to prepare a survival kit with items
that would be necessary in the event of an emergency.
A properly equipped survival kit should be able to
provide you with sustenance, shelter, medical care, and
a means to summon help without a great deal of effort
on your part. An efficient way to organize your survival
kit is to prepare a basic core of supplies that would be
necessary for any emergency, and allow additional
space for supplementary items appropriate for the
terrain and weather you expect for a particular flight.
The basic items to form the basis of your survival kit
would typically include: a first-aid kit and field
medical guide, a flashlight, water, a knife, matches,
some type of shelter, and a signaling device. Additional
items that may be added to meet the conditions, for
example, would be a lifevest for a flight over water, or
heavy clothing for a flight into cold weather. Another
consideration is carrying a cellular phone. Several
pilots have been rescued after calling someone to
indicate there had been an accident.
Best Glide Speed
Too Fast
Too Slow
Figure 21-3. Any deviation from best glide speed will reduce the distance you can glide and may cause you to land short of a
safe touchdown point.
22-1
As with any aircraft, the ability to pilot a gyroplane
safely is largely dependent on the capacity of the pilot
to make sound and informed decisions. To this end,
techniques have been developed to ensure that a pilot
uses a systematic approach to making decisions, and
that the course of action selected is the most appropriate
for the situation. In addition, it is essential that you
learn to evaluate your own fitness, just as you evaluate
the airworthiness of your aircraft, to ensure that your
physical and mental condition is compatible with a safe
flight. The techniques for acquiring these essential
skills are explained in depth in Chapter 14—
Aeronautical Decision Making (Helicopter).
As explained in Chapter 14, one of the best methods to
develop your aeronautical decision making is learning
to recognize the five hazardous attitudes, and how to
counteract these attitudes. [Figure 22-1] This chapter
focuses on some examples of how these hazardous attitudes
can apply to gyroplane operations.
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