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brakes, provides the most common method of control.
[Figure 18-8] The use of independent main wheel
brakes allows differential braking, or applying more
braking to one wheel than the other to achieve tight
radius turns. On some gyroplanes, the steerable nose
wheel is equipped with a foot-operated brake rather
than using main wheel brakes. One limitation of this
system is that the nose wheel normally supports only a
fraction of the weight of the gyroplane, which greatly
reduces braking effectiveness. Another drawback is the
Figure 18-6. A rotor tachometer can be very useful to determine
when rotor r.p.m. is sufficient for takeoff.
Figure 18-7. A string simply tied near the nose of the gyroplane
that can be viewed from the cockpit is often used to
indicate rotation about the yaw axis. An inclinometer may
also be used.
Figure 18-8. Depending on design, main wheel brakes can be
operated either independently or collectively. They are considerably
more effective than nose wheel brakes.
18-5
inability to use differential braking, which increases
the radius of turns.
The rotor blades demand special consideration during
ground handling, as turning rotor blades can be a hazard
to those nearby. Many gyroplanes have a rotor
brake that may be used to slow the rotor after landing,
or to secure the blades while parked. A parked gyroplane
should never be left with unsecured blades,
because even a slight change in wind could cause the
blades to turn or flap.
18-6
19-1
As with most certificated aircraft manufactured after
March 1979, FAA-certificated gyroplanes are required
to have an approved flight manual. The flight manual
describes procedures and limitations that must be
adhered to when operating the aircraft. Specification
for Pilot’s Operating Handbook, published by the
General Aviation Manufacturers Association (GAMA),
provides a recommended format that more recent gyroplane
flight manuals follow. [Figure 19-1]
This format is the same as that used by helicopters,
which is explained in depth in Chapter 6—Rotorcraft
Flight Manual (Helicopter).
Amateur-built gyroplanes may have operating limitations
but are not normally required to have an approved
flight manual. One exception is an exemption granted
by the FAA that allows the commercial use of
two-place, amateur-built gyroplanes for instructional
purposes. One of the conditions of this exemption is to
have an approved flight manual for the aircraft. This
manual is to be used for training purposes, and must be
carried in the gyroplane at all times.
USING THE FLIGHT MANUAL
The flight manual is required to be on board the aircraft
to guarantee that the information contained therein is
readily available. For the information to be of value,
you must be thoroughly familiar with the manual and
be able to read and properly interpret the various charts
and tables.
WEIGHT AND BALANCE SECTION
The weight and balance section of the flight manual
contains information essential to the safe operation of
the gyroplane. Careful consideration must be given to
the weight of the passengers, baggage, and fuel prior to
each flight. In conducting weight and balance computations,
many of the terms and procedures are similar to
those used in helicopters. These are further explained
in Chapter 7—Weight and Balance. In any aircraft,
failure to adhere to the weight and balance limitations
prescribed by the manufacturer can be
extremely hazardous.
SAMPLE PROBLEM
As an example of a weight and balance computation,
assume a sightseeing flight in a two-seat, tandem-configured
gyroplane with two people aboard. The pilot,
seated in the front, weighs 175 pounds while the rear
seat passenger weighs 160 pounds. For the purposes of
this example, there will be no baggage carried. The
basic empty weight of the aircraft is 1,315 pounds with
a moment, divided by 1,000, of 153.9 pound-inches.
ROTORCRAFT FLIGHT MANUAL
GENERAL—Presents basic information, such as loading,
handling, and preflight of the gyroplane. Also includes
definitions, abbreviations, symbology, and terminology
explanations.
LIMITATIONS—Includes operating limitations, instrument
markings, color coding, and basic placards necessary for the
safe operation of the gyroplane.
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES—Provides checklists followed
by amplified procedures for coping with various types of
emergencies or critical situations. Related recommended
airspeeds are also included. At the manufacturer's option, a
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