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4. Failure to maintain recommended airspeeds.
5. Failure to maintain proper track during climb out.
AFTER LANDING AND SECURING
The after-landing checklist should include such items
as the transponder, cowl flaps, fuel pumps, lights, and
magneto checks, when so equipped. The rotor blades
demand special consideration after landing, as turning
rotor blades can be hazardous to others. Never enter an
area where people or obstructions are present with the
rotor turning. To assist the rotor in slowing, tilt the
cyclic control into the prevailing wind or face the gyroplane
downwind. When slowed to under approximately
75 r.p.m., the rotor brake may be applied, if available.
Use caution as the rotor slows, as excess taxi speed or
high winds could cause blade flap to occur. The blades
should be depitched when taxiing if a collective control
is available. When leaving the gyroplane, always
secure the blades with a tiedown or rotor brake.
20-16
21-1
Gyroplanes are quite reliable, however emergencies do
occur, whether a result of mechanical failure or pilot
error. By having a thorough knowledge of the
gyroplane and its systems, you will be able to more
readily handle the situation. In addition, by knowing
the conditions which can lead to an emergency, many
potential accidents can be avoided.
ABORTED TAKEOFF
Prior to every takeoff, consideration must be given to a
course of action should the takeoff become undesirable
or unsafe. Mechanical failures, obstructions on the
takeoff surface, and changing weather conditions are
all factors that could compromise the safety of a takeoff
and constitute a reason to abort. The decision to
abort a takeoff should be definitive and made as soon
as an unsafe condition is recognized. By initiating the
abort procedures early, more time and distance will be
available to bring the gyroplane to a stop. A late decision
to abort, or waiting to see if it will be necessary to
abort, can result in a dangerous situation with little time
to respond and very few options available.
When initiating the abort sequence prior to the
gyroplane leaving the surface, the procedure is quite
simple. Reduce the throttle to idle and allow the
gyroplane to decelerate, while slowly applying aft
cyclic for aerodynamic braking. This technique provides
the most effective braking and slows the aircraft
very quickly. If the gyroplane has left the surface when
the decision to abort is made, reduce the throttle until
an appropriate descent rate is achieved. Once contact
with the surface is made, reduce the throttle to idle and
apply aerodynamic braking as before. The wheel
brakes, if the gyroplane is so equipped, may be applied,
as necessary, to assist in slowing the aircraft.
ACCELERATE/STOP DISTANCE
An accelerate/stop distance is the length of ground roll
an aircraft would require to accelerate to takeoff speed
and, assuming a decision to abort the takeoff is made,
bring the aircraft safely to a stop. This value changes
for a given aircraft based on atmospheric conditions,
the takeoff surface, aircraft weight, and other factors
affecting performance. Knowing the accelerate/stop
value for your gyroplane can be helpful in planning a
safe takeoff, but having this distance available does not
necessarily guarantee a safe aborted takeoff is possible
for every situation. If the decision to abort is made after
liftoff, for example, the gyroplane will require considerably
more distance to stop than the accelerate/stop
figure, which only considers the ground roll requirement.
Planning a course of action for an abort decision
at various stages of the takeoff is the best way to ensure
the gyroplane can be brought safely to a stop should the
need arise.
For a gyroplane without a flight manual or other published
performance data, the accelerate/stop distance
can be reasonably estimated once you are familiar with
the performance and takeoff characteristics of the aircraft.
For a more accurate figure, you can accelerate the
gyroplane to takeoff speed, then slow to a stop, and
note the distance used. Doing this several times gives
you an average accelerate/stop distance. When performance
charts for the aircraft are available, as in the
flight manual of a certificated gyroplane, accurate
accelerate/stop distances under various conditions can
be determined by referring to the ground roll information
contained in the charts.
LIFT-OFF AT LOW AIRSPEED AND
HIGH ANGLE OF ATTACK
Because of ground effect, your gyroplane might be able
to become airborne at an airspeed less than minimum
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