(lbs.)
Moment
(lb.-ins.
/1,000)
1,650 176.4
108 11.9
1,758 188.3
Aft
Forward
Figure 19-4. Center of gravity envelope chart.
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
1
2
3
Load Weight in Pounds (x100)
Load Moment in Thousands of LBS - IN
LOADING GRAPH
A
B
C
D
A = Pilot
B = Passenger
C = Fuel
D = Baggage
Figure 19-2. A loading graph is used to determine the load
moment for weights at various stations.
19-3
rotor prerotation speed of 370 r.p.m., and no wind.
Variations from these conditions alter performance,
possibly to the point of jeopardizing the successful outcome
of the maneuver.
HEIGHT/VELOCITY DIAGRAM
Like helicopters, gyroplanes have a height/velocity
diagram that defines what speed and altitude combinations
allow for a safe landing in the event of an engine
failure. [Figure 19-6]
During an engine-out landing, the cyclic flare is used to
arrest the vertical velocity of the aircraft and most of the
forward velocity. On gyroplanes with a manual collective
control, increasing blade pitch just prior to touchdown
can further reduce ground roll. Typically, a
gyroplane has a lower rotor disc loading than a helicopter,
which provides a slower rate of descent in autorotation.
The power required to turn the main transmission,
tail rotor transmission, and tail rotor also add to the
higher descent rate of a helicopter in autorotation as
compared with that of a gyroplane.
EMERGENCY SECTION
Because in-flight emergencies may not allow enough
time to reference the flight manual, the emergency section
should be reviewed periodically to maintain
familiarity with these procedures. Many aircraft also
use placards and instrument markings in the cockpit,
which provide important information that may not be
committed to memory.
Running Takeoff to 30 MPH & Climb out at 50 MPH CAS
Weight 1800 LBS Ro
tor Prerotated to 370 RPM
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
Total Takeoff Distance to Clear 50 FT Obstacle in Feet (x 100)
Pressure Altitude in Feet (x 1000)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
TOTAL TAKEOFF DISTANCE
TO CLEAR 50 FT. OBSTACLE
Zero Wind
0° F
20° F
Std. Temp.
40° F
60° F
80° F
100° F
Figure 19-5. Takeoff performance chart.
HEIGHT vs. VELOCITY
FOR SAFE LANDING
Avoid Continuous Operation In
Shaded Area.
0 20 40 60 80 100
Indicated Airspeed In MPH
Height Above Runway In Feet
400
300
200
100
0
Figure 19-6. Operations within the shaded area of a
height/velocity diagram may not allow for a safe landing and
are to be avoided.
19-4
HANG TEST
The proper weight and balance of a gyroplane without
a flight manual is normally determined by conducting
a hang test of the aircraft. This is achieved by removing
the rotor blades and suspending the aircraft by its
teeter bolt, free from contact with the ground. A measurement
is then taken, either at the keel or the rotor
mast, to determine how many degrees from level the
gyroplane hangs. This number must be within the
range specified by the manufacturer. For the test to
reflect the true balance of the aircraft, it is important
that it be conducted using the actual weight of the pilot
and all gear normally carried in flight. Additionally,
the measurement should be taken both with the fuel
tank full and with it empty to ensure that fuel burn
does not affect the loading.
20-1
The diversity of gyroplane designs available today
yields a wide variety of capability and performance.
For safe operation, you must be thoroughly familiar
with the procedures and limitations for your particular
aircraft along with other factors that may affect the
safety of your flight.
PREFLIGHT
As pilot in command, you are the final authority in
determining the airworthiness of your aircraft.
Adherence to a preflight checklist greatly enhances
your ability to evaluate the fitness of your gyroplane by
ensuring that a complete and methodical inspection of
all components is performed. [Figure 20-1] For aircraft
without a formal checklist, it is prudent to create one
that is specific to the aircraft to be sure that important
items are not overlooked. To determine the status of
required inspections, a preflight review of the aircraft
records is also necessary.
COCKPIT MANAGEMENT
As in larger aircraft, cockpit management is an important
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