NORMAL PROCEDURES—Includes checklists followed by
amplified procedures for conducting normal operations.
Related recommended airspeeds are also provided.
PERFORMANCE—Gives performance information
appropriate to the gyroplane, plus optional information
presented in the most likely order for use in flight.
WEIGHT AND BALANCE—Includes weighing procedures,
weight and balance records, computation instructions, and
the equipment list.
AIRCRAFT AND SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION—Describes the
gyroplane and its systems in a format considered by the
manufacturer to be most informative.
HANDLING, SERVICE, AND MAINTENANCE—Includes
information on gyroplane inspection periods, preventative
maintenance that can be performed by the pilot, ground
handling procedures, servicing, cleaning, and care instructions.
SUPPLEMENTS—Contains information necessary to safely
and efficiently operate the gyroplane's various optional
systems and equipment.
SAFETY AND OPERATIONAL TIPS—Includes optional
information from the manufacturer of a general nature
addressing safety practices and procedures.
F
igure 19-1. The FAA-approved flight manual may contain as
many as ten sections, as well as an optional alphabetical
index.
19-2
Using the loading graph [Figure 19-2], the
moment/1000 of the pilot is found to be 9.1 poundinches,
and the passenger has a moment/1000 of 13.4
pound-inches.
Adding these figures, the total weight of the aircraft for
this flight (without fuel) is determined to be 1,650
pounds with a moment/1000 of 176.4 pound-inches.
[Figure 19-3]
The maximum gross weight for the sample aircraft is
1,800 pounds, which allows up to 150 pounds to be carried
in fuel. For this flight, 18 gallons of fuel is deemed
sufficient. Allowing six pounds per gallon of fuel, the
fuel weight on the aircraft totals 108 pounds. Referring
again to the loading graph [Figure 19-2], 108 pounds of
fuel would have a moment/1000 of 11.9 pound-inches.
This is added to the previous totals to obtain the total
aircraft weight of 1,758 pounds and a moment/1000 of
188.3. Locating this point on the center of gravity envelope
chart [Figure 19-4], shows that the loading is
within the prescribed weight and balance limits.
PERFORMANCE SECTION
The performance section of the flight manual contains
data derived from actual flight testing of the aircraft.
Because the actual performance may differ, it is prudent
to maintain a margin of safety when planning
operations using this data.
SAMPLE PROBLEM
For this example, a gyroplane at its maximum gross
weight (1,800 lbs.) needs to perform a short field takeoff
due to obstructions in the takeoff path. Present
weather conditions are standard temperature at a pressure
altitude of 2,000 feet, and the wind is calm.
Referring to the appropriate performance chart [Figure
19-5], the takeoff distance to clear a 50-foot obstacle is
determined by entering the chart from the left at the
pressure altitude of 2,000 feet. You then proceed horizontally
to the right until intersecting the appropriate
temperature reference line, which in this case is the
dashed standard temperature line. From this point,
descend vertically to find the total takeoff distance to
clear a 50-foot obstacle. For the conditions given, this
particular gyroplane would require a distance of 940
feet for ground roll and the distance needed to climb 50
feet above the surface. Notice that the data presented in
this chart is predicated on certain conditions, such as a
running takeoff to 30 m.p.h., a 50 m.p.h. climb speed, a
Weight Moment
(pounds) (lb.-in./1,000)
Basic Empty Weight
Pilot
Passenger
Baggage
Total Aircraft (Less Fuel)
1,315
175
160
0
1,650
153.9
9.1
13.4
0
176.4
Max Gross Weight = 1,800 lbs.
Figure 19-3. Loading of the sample aircraft, less fuel.
CENTER OF GRAVITY ENVELOPE
Gross Moment in Thousands of LBS-IN.
Gross Weight in Pounds (x100)
160 170 180 190 200
15
16
17
18
1. Total Aircraft Weight
(Less Fuel) ...............................
3. Fuel...........................................
TOTALS
Weight
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