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over its full range of travel and that
the bungee cord keeps it tight against
the bottom of the fuselage, so you
don’t land on a vertically extended
hook, which may get snagged.
Garbage on the landing site has been
known to pull the manual release
enough to allow the load to work
itself free.
Condition of sling equipment
Because of the direct connection to
the aircraft and the potential for
damage, it should only be used on
helicopter operations, and any worn
or frayed items should be discarded
(you’re generally allowed up to 10
randomly distributed frayed wires on
a steel sling, or 5 in one strand).
Nylon deteriorates when exposed to
petroleum, and wire rope rusts and
doesn’t like being mistreated, so
protect them from moisture and
heat, and inspect them regularly.
Cables without their internal grease
will snap readily. The maximum
length for nylon or poly rope should
be 6 feet.
There must be an eye in each end of
a sling, preferably reinforced with
steel, to protect the rope, and the
shackle that goes inside the eye must
be the right size for the hook,
otherwise it may come out by itself,
or not come out when it’s supposed
to (as a guide, the shackle pin should
be the same thickness as the rope –
DON’T use a bolt instead; it will
bend). Using a swivel will stop the
load from spinning and unravelling
the line. That is, you put the swivel
in the hook, then attach the load to
the swivel (which, by the way, has a
thrust bearing in it). When using a
screw-pin shackle (clevis):
with a rope of whatever description,
don’t have the shackle downwards
(as shown above), because the rope
will slide from side to side and have
a tendency to open the legs (if it rolls
fore and aft, it will also undo the
pin). Rather, place the screw-pin in
the helicopter hook, padding the
empty space either side with washers
or similar, and use it upside down.
Chokers, technically, are lanyards
that hold loads with a slipping noose
which tightens under tension – the
harder the pull, the tighter the grip.
Use chokers at the end of a line
rather than by themselves so that, if
they break, they are kept away from
the blades by the line (this also helps
Special Use Of Aircraft 181
prevent collective bounce—see
below). Be aware that a choker has
25% less safe working load because
of the bend in the rope at the noose.
The sharper the bend is, the less the
SWL will be.
Long lines (see below) have an
electrically operated hook at the end,
which really makes them an
extended hook, so there will be an
electrical cable for the release
mechanism, which should be
carefully looked after; that is, the line
and cable must be detached properly
by ground crew, otherwise you will
strip the cables, which won’t impress
the engineers. If the insulation
comes off, you may also get a short
circuit. Lines made of Spectron or
Kevlar are strong, but light, so will
trail after you more than a steel line,
hence the maximum external load
speed. These lines also get longer
when new, so, if you can’t prestretch
them, allow a good length of
extra electrical cable.
Use barrel hooks on a sling for
lifting fuel drums, although you
might find varying designs to suit
different helicopters. For example, a
206 might have one for 2 drums
while a 205 might have one for 5.
Whatever you use, use the bungee
cord to keep them together when
there is no tension. Again, don’t
connect the hooks directly to the
aircraft, but to a sling.
Minimum Sling Specifications
0-
1500
lb
1500-
3000
lb
3000-
5000
lb
5000-
10000
lb
Lanyards
(steel core)
7/16” ½” 5/8” ¾”
Lanyards (poly
– 6ft)
5/8” 1-
1/8”
1-
1/4”
1-3/8”
Cables &
Chokers –
7/16” ½” 5/8” ¾”
0-
1500
lb
1500-
3000
lb
3000-
5000
lb
5000-
10000
lb
single point
Cables &
Chokers –
multi point
3/8” 7/16” ½” 5/8”
Shackles,
Clevises
½” 5/8” ¾” 7/8”
Nets (lb) 1500 4000 5000 10000
Ext hooks 7/16” 5/8”
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