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the engine warm-up.
Oil Cans
Whatever you use to open them,
don't bang it down on the lid, but
gently prise it open, so you don't get
slivers of metal in the oil which may
disagree with your engine.
Schermuly Flares
Flares should be stored for a
maximum of 4 yrs between 0-25º C,
and only be installed for 1 year or
1000 flying hours. Check that the
centre contact in the mounting
moves freely and is clean, and the
locking and securing ring threads for
damage. When not carrying flares,
the plastic cover plate should be
fitted and the securing ring locked
with the locking ring.
Test the firing circuit with a suitable
50W 24V bulb and holder in a cutdown
fired flare case. Before
installation of any flares a "no volts"
check of the firing circuit (using a
millivoltmeter) should be made.
The securing ring must make a good
electrical contact with the flare case,
achieved by rotating the flare with
the securing ring partially tightened.
When tightening the ring, rotating
the flare will help give the required
tightness. The locking ring must be
tightened (if in doubt, the
flare/circuit resistance should be less
than 5 ohms). If a circuit resistance
check is performed, a safety
ohmmeter must be used and the
measured resistance should be in the
range .8-1.2 ohms.
Height/Velocity Curve
Otherwise known as the Dead Man's
Curve, this is a chart for helicopters
that compares speeds against heights
to give you an idea of where not to
be if you don't want to kill yourself if
an engine fails, that is, you don't want
to be at high altitudes with low
speeds, or low ones with high
266 Operational Flying
speeds, so the best place to be is in
the gap between the shaded areas:
In other words, the graph shows
combinations of speed and height
that the average pilot would find it
impossible to make a safe emergency
landing from. For more of a chance,
a one-second delay is factored in for
minimum skill levels.
A couple of points to note first of
all: one is that you should check to
see if the chart is in the Limitations or
Performance section of the Flight
Manual (the BK 117's moves to the
limitations section once you go into
high density seating). If it's in the
latter, its requirements are
recommended, not mandatory. Another
is that it is not necessarily valid for
approaches, being calculated for
level flight conditions (see below).
Some helicopters, like the TwinStar,
sometimes don't have one at all. It's
importance, therefore is for takeoff,
although in some circumstances, it is
more dangerous to try to avoid the
curve, especially if you might only be
in it for a few seconds (as when
getting out of a confined area, for
example).
Anyhow, the vertical shaded area in
the diagram above is called the low
speed section, which is actually split in
two parts at the knee of the curve,
although it's never shown (the knee
is the furthest point at which the
curve extends). The lower portion is
for takeoff power (no intervention),
and the upper portion is for level
flight (cruise power, hand not
necessarily near the collective, so one
second allowed for intervention
time), and the whole area will
expand with Density Altitude. On
approach, you have your hands on
the controls and are using less than
cruise power, so the same figures
don't work.
The other shaded area is called the
high speed section, and the clear area
between them is the takeoff corridor.
Takeoffs and performance
calculations should definitely take
account of the curve, which is
constructed at maximum weight,
with no wind at a density altitude of
at least 7,000 feet. Those of lesser
quality must be verified (that is,
actually flown) by the relevant
Authority.
Aircraft Husbandry
A company can tell how well its
pilots look after their aircraft by the
amount it spends on servicing—the
lower the costs, the better they are.
Aircraft should not be parked on
soft or sloping ground, and suitable
chocks should be placed under the
main gear wheels of aeroplanes.
They should be parked into wind
whenever possible, with the
nosewheel in line with the fore and
aft axis. Control locks and covers
should be used whenever convenient
(especially when wind speeds are
expected to be high, in which case
consider picketing as well), and all
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