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twice tree height), but also blow up
ash and produce a similar effect to
whiteout (the ash will also stick to
your windscreen, which will likely be
wet from the water pickup). You
should really be in a balanced
straight line during and after the
drop, as it requires a little followthrough.
Dropping at some speed
over an area is mostly used for
cooling purposes after the flames are
out, as a fire can stay underground
for days. IR is used to detect
hotspots afterwards.
In valleys, be aware of the extra
power required to get you out of the
“hole” with a load on—buckets
202 Operational Flying
don't always release their load,
especially if the connectors get wet
when picking up.
Checks for your bucket include the
cargo arming switch, bucket open
and close switch and electrical and
mechanical jettison, and the capacity
(for performance). Don’t forget the
mirror and cables, as you would with
any slung load.
Forest and moorland fires also
require vast amounts of manpower,
which are usually tired by the time
they get to the fire from the long
walk to get there, so you may be
used as transport for fire-fighters
and their equipment, as well as
observation, where your passengers
will have some rank and experience,
since they will be directing ground
forces from the air (this will be
especially true for lesser-powered
helicopters). Very often, you will be
moving people in very short hops
over rivers and streams.
One development of this is rappelling,
which is the rapid deployment of fire
crews by rope from a helicopter (and
back in emergency) until the regular
crews arrive. This saves them the
trek to the fire in the first place and
ensures they are not exhausted when
they start. They can survive for up to
48 hours in the bush, and a
Command Spotter will stay in the
helicopter. All this will typically be
for fires started by lightning, which
are often in remote locations, down
to weather conditions roughly
equivalent to Special VFR.
Rappelling shouldn’t be done when
it’s too windy, or when it’s raining,
as the special rope used will swell up
in the pulleys and stop working (just
for interest, lightning can be up to
50,000° in temperature – when it hits
a tree, the sap boils and the heat can
be held internally for days until fire
actually breaks out).
You will also not necessarily be the
only aircraft about. The combination
of lots of smoke (and poor visibility),
coupled with heat turbulence and
other machines buzzing about could
prove to be extremely dangerous –
many people report it’s just like
being in a war zone (the organised
chaos only makes it more so), but if
you've ever done the British Grand
Prix or joined Biggin Hill circuit you
should be alright. Constant
communications between machines
(on the same frequency) are
essential, especially if you are picking
up from the same swimming pool (in
practice, you will go through the bird
dog if you want to change position).
One pilot reported that the distance
from a pond to the fire was so small
as to only require a fast hover taxi
between them both, which meant
that oil temperatures began to
redline, as there wasn’t enough
airflow to cool things down
(sometimes ash will clog the oil
cooler). You will be tired, as well,
after a couple of days' continuous
flying from dawn to dusk, though
you won’t notice till afterwards, as
adrenalin counts for a lot.
Upslope drops should be avoided as
much as possible, and only be
attempted by experienced crews,
especially on low targets, as you will
need more airspeed than normal to
create a pull-up to clear the area with
the load if necessary, without using
extra power. Aside from trying to do
a 180-degree pedal turn in a high
hover out of ground effect, the
resulting high power setting will
Special Use Of Aircraft 203
likely fan the flames, as with a hover
drop. It helps if you have a drop off
place to one side, and approach with
some airspeed, so you can climb
with the cyclic, and turn one way or
the other with the least power,
depending on which way round your
blades are going.
With downslope drops, you will not
necessarily see the target until you
clear the ridge, so you will need
targets to line up on beforehand. For
very steep slopes, try reducing speed
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