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Use heavier than normal shackles to
accommodate multiple lines.
Loading and unloading areas
Non-involved people should be
absent, and there should be no loose
articles to be blown around by the
downwash and cause damage (it is
possible for slash to snag and
inadvertently operate the manual
release). Approach and departure
lanes should be into wind.
Performance planning
Check your Hover performance Out
of Ground Effect (HOGE), in case
it places a ceiling on your Max All-
Up Weight, although most
helicopters have a higher Gross
Weight anyway for external loads.
Here are charts of suggested
payloads for various types according
to Pressure Altitude:
Preparation of loads
There are 4 basic types of load –
rectangular, cylindrical, heavy
compact and nets, and five ways of
lifting them, starting with nets and
ending up with a four-point sling
(through 1-, 2- and 3-point). Nets
are used for loads consisting of
many small pieces, and are very
useful for killing lift with loads that
can act like a bucket as you fly (like
an Argo). On a 206, one about 10-12
feet square with a 2” square mesh is
182 Operational Flying
quite suitable. Items should be
carefully and evenly stacked in the
centre, with the net stretched round
the load on the ground before
pickup. Individual light loads, such
as jerrycans or containers, ought to
be lashed together, since the net may
not completely enclose them at the
top. If there are many small items,
consider a tarpaulin as a liner, which
will stop them falling out. Be aware
that lifting points already attached to
anything may have been designed for
cranes, which don’t, as a rule, fly
sideways or get caught in
updraughts, etc.
The weight of each load should be
known, with sand and stuff kept dry
and, if possible, weighed
immediately before loading, as a
good soaking will increase the weight
dramatically and give you a surprise
when you lift it. What happens most
often, however, is that the guys just
bundle stuff into a net, and as long
as you don’t overtorque the machine
you’re OK. Although convenient,
and mostly used for nets, a singlepoint
hookup is not always the best
plan, particularly for short loads, and
should only be used on loads
designed for it, with a swivel, to stop
the line unravelling. You also need
to be particularly careful about the
load’s C of G, or it may tip and start
rocking, so keep the heavy end
down. The shorter the cable, the less
the tendency to swing.
For a single pole or log, wrap the
rope or chain twice around the end
of it and carry it vertically (steel rope
grips best):
A 2-point sling is a common
method for long loads, such as drill
collars, pipe stems, lumber, etc:
The ideal angle would be 45°, since
the weight is then taken evenly on
each strand with the least stress. In
those circumstances, a 400 lb load
would have a strain of 200 on each
side. If the central angle becomes
120°, it doubles, and at 150°, it's 800.
Double-wrap the cables, and maybe
slip some wood between them and
the load to stop them slipping.
Three-point hookups are not
common, and are usually for loads
designed for them, but boats are
lifted this way. 4-point slings, on
the other hand, are quite common
and used for box-like loads, attached
to each corner—where the sling may
catch or damage the load, use
Special Use Of Aircraft 183
spreader bars to keep the rope away,
as well as for stability:
Beware of loads with a high C of G,
as they may tip over.
Tag lines (short lines underneath a
load) are for loaders to grab on the
setdown. They should have a safety
latch and be heavy enough to stop
waving about, but long enough to
catch if the load is swinging too fast.
Argos and Quads can be moved
with strops underneath. Just wrap a
strop around the Quad engine,
ensuring it goes inside the pedals (or
they will get bent). Then choke it
and attach it to the hook.
Personnel briefing
All concerned should be aware of:
· The hook-up
· The setdown
· Hand signals
· Proper use of radios (i.e. don’t
hog the airwaves)
· Direction to move in case of
engine failure*
· Not standing under the load
· Number of trips between
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