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disrupted, so your safest height is
well below that, amongst the smoke,
so be careful.
Helicopters also make use of handy
sources of water, like swimming
pools or small rivers, typically using
the Bambi Fire Bucket. Such sources
should ideally be close, upwind and
at least the same elevation as the fire,
so you don’t have to keep climbing
with a load on. The Bambi can be
transported at quite a speed (up to
80 kts), as long as you don’t pitch
more than 15° either way.
These days, the minimum machine is
likely to be the AStar B2, or a
LongRanger with a good engine,
with anything lower in performance,
such as the 206,
being relegated to
observation or
putting out hot
spots, since the
bucket size is only
90 gallons. In most
cases, the killing
time is between 30-
45 minutes from the
start of the fire, so, if
you're on standby
for Initial Attack,
your response time
should be as fast as
possible (takeoff
inside 3 minutes).
For Initial Attack,
you will typically be
teamed up with
three or four firefighters and their
associated gear, which will fill every
available hole in the cabin and
baggage compartments. You will
need enough fuel to get them to the
spot and be useful while you're
there, and get them back again, so,
on the way, take note of the nearest
airfield or refuelling spot. If the fire
gets big enough, they may well bring
fuel down in drums, but by that time
the bombers could well be there
anyway and you will be sent off to
another one. Your task, as an initial
attack team, is just to stamp on a fire
Special Use Of Aircraft 201
just starting, but you could well be
involved in just slowing it down
around people or property. You will
get your instructions from the bird
dog if it arrives before you get there
(directions are given with reference
to the head or tail of the fire, which
are the downwind and upwind ends,
respectively. Left and right flanks are
counted from the tail to the head).
Once a fire has been detected, it will
be allocated a number. When it gets
beyond a certain size and becomes
part of a more serious effort, it will
also get its own traffic frequency, as
mentioned above, which should be
used by all aircraft entering or
leaving, once the bird dog has left
for greater things.
Anyhow, picking up water in singleengined
helicopters beyond gliding
distance from shore has the usual
problems, plus possible
disorientation if you go too far in.
Fast moving streams don’t help,
making you feel as if you were
moving the wrong way, so it’s best
to find a calm area, as otherwise you
will have to move the helicopter to
keep up with the water, ending up in
a fast taxi unawares – always face the
flow of the stream. Approach the
water with some forward speed so
the bucket tips over and starts to fill
as you progress, as it has a tendency
to drift forward otherwise. Get into
a low hover, which will help push it
under, and lift it mostly out. If you're
heavy (i.e. with a lot of fuel), keep
the power on and pull the bucket
forward in one smooth movement,
using translational lift to get
airborne. You will find that the wind
direction is critical.
Be careful if you're longlining with a
bucket, as the connector plug for the
release is difficult to see and might
go under water where it shorts out.
Longlining would be used where the
trees are very tall and there is no
water for the hoses nearby—the
team will have a small relay tank for
you to fill. In fact, this is increasingly
becoming popular, as grounddirected
water is more effective than
that from the air.
When actually bombing, there is
about a second's delay between
pressing the button and the liquid
reaching its target, and pulling up
before doing so will help stop the
bucket swinging and making you
miss in high winds, aside from
punching it into the target. Although
there is a risk of fanning the flames,
you do need to get low over the fire,
and preferably slow (below 50 kts),
as a good dousing will do most to
kill them – otherwise, evaporation
will take its toll on whatever is
dropped, ensuring that only so much
of it is actually effective, and raising
the humidity. Hovering is not
recommended, as your downwash
may not only fan the fire (even up to
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