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If a windshear encounter is likely, the takeoff or landing should be delayed until the conditions improve, e.g. until a thunderstorm has moved away from the airport.
STRATEGY TO COPE WITH WINDSHEAR
The windshear and microburst are hazardous phenomena for an aircraft at takeoff or landing. The strategy to cope with windshear is:
? Increasing flight crew awareness through the Predictive Windshear System (if available)
? Informing the flight crew of unexpected air mass variations through FPV and approach speed variations
? Warning the flight crew of significant loss of energy through "SPEED, SPEED, SPEED" and "WINDSHEAR" aural warnings (if available).
? Providing effective tools to escape the shear through ALPHA FLOOR protection, SRS pitch order, high AOA protection and Ground Speed mini protection.
Increasing flight crew awareness (if available)
When the airshaft of a microburst reaches the ground, it mushrooms outward carrying with it a large number of falling rain droplets. The radar can measure speed variations of the droplets, and as a result, assess wind variations. This predictive capability to assess wind variations is performed by the Predictive Windshear System (PWS). The PWS operates automatically below 2 300 ft AGL, regardless of whether the radar is turned on or off. OFF.
Informing flight crew
The FPV associated with the approach speed variations (GS mini protection) is an effective means for informing the flight crew of unexpected air mass variations:
Approach speed variations and lateral FPV displacement reflect horizontal wind gradient. Vertical FPV displacement reflects the vertical air mass movement.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
ADVERSE WEATHER
A318/A319/A320/A321
FLIGHT CREW TRAINING MANUAL
bird and target speed - wind interpretation
Warning the flight crew
The "SPEED, SPEED, SPEED" low energy warning (if available) is based on the aircraft speed, acceleration and flight path angle. This warning attracts the PF eyes to the speed scale, and request rapid thrust adjustment. In windshear conditions, it is the first warning to appear, before the activation of the alpha floor. The following table provides some typical values of the speed at which the warning could occur in two different circumstances.
Deceleration Rate Flight Path Angle Warning
-1 kt/second -3 ° VLS -7 kt
-1 kt/second -4 ° VLS -1 kt
In addition, the aircraft has a reactive windshear warning system. This system triggers if the aircraft encounters windshear. In such a case, there is a "WINDSHEAR WINDSHEAR WINDSHEAR" aural warning.
Providing effictive tools
There are three efficient tools to assist the flight crew to escape:
? The alpha floor protection
? the SRS AP/FD pitch law
? The high angle of attack protection
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本文链接地址：A318/A319/A320/A321 机组训练手册 FCTM Flight Crew Training Manual(168)
