A318/A319/A320/A321 机组训练手册 FCTM Flight Crew Training Manual(151)

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The following chart provides a non-exhaustive list of the consequences of various cases of partially or totally obstructed pitot tubes and static ports on airspeed and altitude indications. It should
be noted that the cases described below cover extreme situations (e.g. totally obstructed or unobstructed drain holes), and that there could be multiple intermediate configurations with similar, but not identical, consequences.
 

  ABNORMAL OPERATIONS
NAVIGATION
A318/A319/A320/A321
FLIGHT CREW TRAINING MANUAL 

FAILURE CASE CONSEQUENCES
Water accumulated due to heavy
rain. Drain holes unobstructed. Transient speed drop until water drains. IAS
fluctuations. IAS step drop and gradual return to normal.
Water accumulated due to heavy
rain. Drain holes obstructed. Permanent speed drop.
Ice accretion due to pitot heat failure, or transient pitot
blocked due to severe icing. Unobstructed drain holes. Total pressure leaks towards static pressure.
IAS drop until obstruction cleared/fluctuation,
if transient erratic A/THR is transient.
Ice accretion due to pitot heat failure, or pitot obstruction
due to foreign objects. Obstructed drain holes. Total pressure blocked. Constant IAS in
level flight, until obstruction is cleared.
In climb, IAS increases. In descent, IAS decreases.
Abnormal AP/FD/ATHR behavior :
a. AP/FD pitch up in OPN CLB to hold target IAS.
b. AP/FD pitch down in OPN DES to hold target IAS
Total obstruction of static ports on ground. Static pressure blocked at airfield level. Normal indications
during T/O roll. After lift-off altitude remains constant.
IAS decreases, after lift-off. IAS decreases, when
aircraft climbs. IAS increases, when aircraft descends.

The above table clearly illustrates that no single rule can be given to conclusively identify all possible erroneous airspeed/altitude indications cases.
ADR CHECK PROC / UNRELIABLE SPEED INDICATION QRH PROCEDURE
Applicable to: ALL
INTRODUCTION
The UNRELIABLE SPEED INDICATIONS / ADR CHECK PROC procedure has two objectives: to identify and isolate the affected ADR (s), and, if not successful, to fly the aircraft until landing without any speed reference.
It includes the following steps:
1. Memory items
2. Trouble shooting and isolation
3. Flight using Pitch/thrust references.
WHEN TO APPLY THIS PROCEDURE?
The flight crew may enter this procedure, either upon ECAM request (ADR DISAGREE or ANTI-ICE PITOT caution), or because he suspects an erroneous indication, without any ECAM warning.
Erroneous speed/altitude indication can be suspected by:
1. Speed discrepancy (between ADR1, 2, 3, and standby indication)
2. Fluctuating or unexpected increase/decrease/permanent indicated speed, or pressure altitude.
　
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