A318/A319/A320/A321 机组训练手册 FCTM Flight Crew Training Manual(14)

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? If the PF then pulls the sidestick full aft, a maximum AOA (approximately corresponding to CL Max) is commanded. In addition, the speedbrakes will automatically retract, if extended.
airbus AOA PROTECTION
 
In addition to this aerodynamic protection, there are three more energy features:
? If ATHR is in SPEED mode, the speed cannot drop below VLS, even if the target speed is below VLS
? If the angle-of-attack still increases and reaches ALPHA Floor threshold, the A/THR triggers TOGA thrust and engages (unless in some cases of one engine-out).
In case of an emergency situation, such as Windshear or CFIT, the PF is assisted in order to optimize aircraft performance via the:
? A/THR: Adds thrust to maintain the speed above VLS
? ALPHA FLOOR: Provides TOGA thrust
 

  OPERATIONAL PHILOSOPHY
FLIGHT CONTROLS
A318/A319/A320/A321
FLIGHT CREW TRAINING MANUAL 

? HIGH AOA protection: Provides maximum aerodynamic lift
? Automatic speedbrake retraction: Minimizes drag.
OPERATIONAL RECOMMENDATIONS:
When flying at alpha max, the PF can make gentle turns, if necessary.
The PF must not deliberately fly the aircraft in alpha protection, except for brief periods, when maximum maneuvering speed is required.
If alpha protection is inadvertently entered, the PF must exit it as quickly as possible, by easing the sidestick forward to reduce the angle-of-attack, while simultaneously adding power (if alpha floor has not yet been activated, or has been cancelled). If alpha floor has been triggered, it must be cancelled with the instinctive disconnect pushbutton (on either thrust lever), as soon as a safe speed is resumed.
In case of GPWS/SHEAR:
? Set the thrust levers to TOGA
? Pull the sidestick to full aft (For shear, fly the SRS, until full aft sidestick).
? Initially maintain the wings level
This immediately provides maximum lift/maximum thrust/minimum drag. Therefore, CFIT escape maneuvers will be much more efficient.
PROTECTED A/C VERSUS NON PROTECTED A/C GO-AROUND TRAJECTORY
 
The above-illustrated are typical trajectories flown by all protected or not protected aircraft, when the PF applies the escape procedure after an aural “ GPWS PULL UP” alert.
The graph demonstrates the efficiency of the protection, to ensure a duck-under that is 50 % lower, a bucket-distance that is 50 % shorter, a safety margin that more than doubles (due to a quicker reaction time), and a significant altitude gain (± 250 ft). These characteristics are common to all protected aircraft, because the escape procedure is easy to achieve, and enables the PF to fly the aircraft at a constant AOA, close to the max AOA. It is much more difficult to fly the stick shaker AOA on an aircraft that is not protected.
 

  OPERATIONAL PHILOSOPHY
FLIGHT CONTROLS
　
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