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On commercial aircraft, high load factors can be encountered during evasive maneuvers due to potential collisions, or CFIT ...
Pulling "g" is efficient, if the resulting maneuver is really flown with this "g" number. If the aircraft is not able to fly this trajectory, or to perform this maneuver, pulling "g" will be detrimental.
On commercial aircraft, the maximum load that is structurally allowed is:
? 2.5 g in clean configuration,
? 2.0 g with the flaps extended.
AIRBUS LOAD FACTOR PROTECTION and safety
On most commercial aircraft, the potential for an efficient 2.5 g maneuver is very remote. Furthermore, as G Load information is not continuously provided in the cockpit, airline pilots are not used to controlling this parameter. This is further evidenced by inflight experience, which reveals that: In emergency situations, initial PF reaction on a yoke or sidestick is hesitant, then aggressive. With load factor protection, the PF may immediately and instinctively pull the sidestick full aft: The aircraft will initially fly a 2.5 g maneuver without losing time. Then, if the PF still needs to maintain
the sidestick full aft stick, because the danger still exists, then the high AOA protection will take over. Load factor protection enhances this high AOA protection.
Load factor protection enables immediate PF reaction, without any risk of overstressing the aircraft. Flight experience has also revealed that an immediate 2.5 g reaction provides larger obstacle clearance, than a hesitant and delayed high G Load maneuver (two-second delay).
HIGH PITCH ATTITUDE PROTECTION
Excessive pitch attitudes, caused by upsets or inappropriate maneuvers, lead to hazardous situations:
? Too high a nose-up ▸ Very rapid energy loss
? Too low a nose-down ▸ Very rapid energy gain
Furthermore, there is no emergency situation that requires flying at excessive attitudes. For these reasons, pitch attitude protection limits pitch attitude to plus 30 °/minus 15 °.
OPERATIONAL PHILOSOPHY
FLIGHT CONTROLS
A318/A319/A320/A321
FLIGHT CREW TRAINING MANUAL
Pitch attitude protection enhances high speed protection, high load factor protection, and high AOA protection.
HIGH ANGLE-OF-ATTACK (AOA) PROTECTION
High AOA protection enables the PF to pull the sidestick full aft in dangerous situations, and thus consistently achieve the best possible aircraft lift. This action on the sidestick is instinctive, and the high AOA protection minimizes the risk of stalls or control loss.
High AOA protection is an aerodynamic protection:
? The PF will notice if the normal flight envelope is exceeded for any reason, because the autopitch trim will stop, the aircraft will sink to maintain its current AOA (alpha PROT, strong static stability), and a significant change in aircraft behavior will occur.
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本文链接地址：A318/A319/A320/A321 机组训练手册 FCTM Flight Crew Training Manual(13)
