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The IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations are more applicable for practical reference by the industry, but as indicated in the preface of the IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations,
“Annex 18 to the Chicago convention and the associated Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air are recognized as the sole authentic legal source material in the air transport of dangerous goods”.
In addition to these two reference manuals, national regulations from e.g. FAA or JAA may also apply as applicable and furthermore the local authorities of the country of departure and country of arrival may have strict regulations which have to be taken into account.
2.3. Definitions
Dangerous goods are —articles or substances which are capable of posing a significant risk to health, safety or property when transported by air“ (per IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations). There are three types of dangerous goods:
. goods too dangerous to be transported by air . goods transported with cargo aircraft only (called CAO shipments) . goods transported both with cargo and passenger aircraft
To know to which category belongs a given good, refer to the Limitations section of the IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations. In this section, you will also find the list of state variations concerning dangerous goods.
Some cargo may be hidden dangerous cargo: indeed, declared under a general description, some cargo can hide hazards that may not be apparent. Here are some examples of hidden dangerous goods:
. Articles found in passengers‘ baggage that may contain flammable gas or liquid, matches, aerosols, etc. . Frozen perishable goods or vaccines that may be packed with Dry Ice (solid
carbon dioxide) . Parts of automobiles that may contain wet batteries or gasoline . etc.
LOADING LOADING
B. SPECIAL LOADING
2.4. Identification
“An operator shall take all reasonable measures to ensure that articles and substances are classified as dangerous goods as specified in the Technical Instructions.” (JAR–OPS 1.1170).
A number, in the United Nations classification system, is given to each dangerous article or substance. Each substance has its own UN number. This number is used for all ways of transport (not only air-transport) to identify the substance.
The letters —UN“ precede this number (when the UN number is not assigned yet, a temporary —ID“ number in the 8000 series is assigned).
Symbol:
2.5. Classification
Moreover, dangerous goods are classified into 9 hazard classes. Each hazard class is divided into several hazards divisions and specific labels are applied to each one of these classes and/or divisions:
2.5.1. Explosives
. Division 1.1 - Articles and substances having a mass explosion hazard . Division 1.2 - Articles and substances having a projection hazard but not a mass explosion hazard . Division 1.3 - Articles and substances having a fire hazard, a minor blast hazard
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