Total Maximum Load Allowed 100% F 100% F 240% F 240% F 560% F
Load Factor nFWD nAFT nLEFT nRIGHT nUP
Ultimate Load 100% F / nFWD 100% F / nAFT 240% F / nLEFT 240% F / nRIGHT 560% F / nUP
ULTIMATE LOAD Minimum of the Ultimate loads
B. SPECIAL LOADING
SPECIAL LOADING INTRODUCTION
LOADING
B. SPECIAL LOADING
B. SPECIAL LOADING
1. LIVE ANIMALS AND PERISHABLE GOODS
1.1. Generalities
1.1.1. Main difficulties in animals and perishable goods transportation
Live animals and perishable goods are particularly restricting shipments to transport. Several factors must be considered when livestock and perishable goods are transported: . Each animal specie or perishable good must be transported under specific
condition of temperature, but they can be grouped into three main categories: °. Frozen goods: transported between .30°C and -12°C °. Other perishable goods: transported between -2°C and 20°C °. Live animals: transported between 0°C and 32°C
. Condensation can deteriorate the quality of certain perishable goods, and may cause death of live animals. Moreover, too much condensation may cause false smoke warnings. Condensation can be caused by a moist external ambient air, a descent from high altitude into comparatively warmer air, or by moisture produced by live animals and perishable cargo.
. The presence of a high rate of carbon dioxide endangers the health of live animals and reduces the quality of fruits and vegetables. Not only live animals, fruits, vegetables, but also sublimation of dry ice (used as a cooling medium for perishable goods) are the main causes for presence of CO2.
. Ethylene is a gas given off by horticultural products (fruits, vegetables and flowers) and the ground equipment used to load and unload the cargo compartments. With some products, the ripening process is accelerated by the presence of ethylene.
Therefore, in addition to the temperature, several other factors must be considered: on the one hand, animals and perishable goods need a relatively fresh air, but on the other hand they give off substances which can be harmful.
LOADING LOADING
B. SPECIAL LOADING
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