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Cold components such as gyros, gauges, actuators, etc., may function slower than normal until reaching operating temperatures. Instrument flags may take longer than normal to retract.
Before starting engines, ensure engine cowl inlet and exhaust areas are clear of any excess de-icing fluid and/or ice accumulations. Use of de-icing solutions for removal of engine inlet ice should be kept to the minimum required.
Apply normal procedures for engine start. Preheating is normally not necessary; however, if engine will not start, or a hung start is experienced, ground heating may be necessary for warm the engine components.
Ensure N1 rotation prior to moving fuel control lever to on. A cold engine may exhibit abnormal oil pressure and temperature indications during start. The illumination of the L or R OIL STRAINER CLOGGING (or CLOG) annunciator light may occur during a cold engine start. Refer to OIL STRAINER CLOGGING LIGHT ON checklist, Section 3.
After starting engines, if ambient temperatures is below -30°C (-22°F), idle engine two minutes before changing thrust lever position. During all cold weather starts, it is recommended that engines be warmed up at idle, or at thrust settings normally used for taxi, for five minutes before advancing throttles to takeoff thrust.
After engine start, engine anti-ice should be turned on if outside air temperature is less than 6°C (42°F) and visible moisture is present or dewpoint and outside air temperature (RAT or SAT) are within 3°C(5°F) of each other.
Taxi
Reverse taxi (powerback) is not authorized when ice, snow, or slush is on the ramp, or during periods of heavy rain. Single engine taxi is not recommended on ice, snow, or slush-covered surfaces. When on slippery surfaces, make sure the parking brakes are released prior to commencing taxi. When power is applied, the airplane may slide forward even though the brakes are set.
Exercise caution when commencing taxi as ramp areas may be especially slippery due to airplane servicing, de-icing, etc. Avoid high thrust settings when taxiing, especially when leaving the ramp area. If airplane response to throttle movement is slow while on snow or slush, allow a few seconds for the airplane to respond before applying more throttle. Advance power only as necessary to start the airplane moving, then retard the throttles smoothly to idle or to the minimum thrust necessary to maintain appropriate taxi speed.
Extend flaps/slats to the takeoff setting when commencing taxi as in normal established procedures. Spray and debris deflectors combined with prudent taxi speeds on contaminated taxi areas provide sufficient protection from contamination of exposed flap/slat surface areas.
Taxi speed should be as slow as practical on slippery surfaces and should be especially slow when approaching turns or stopping areas. Lead turns by as much as possible considering taxiway width. Nosewheel steering and braking action may both be affected by lack of traction on slick and frozen surfaces; the slower the speed, the better the traction. Avoid excessive nose gear steering deflection. Surface conditions may vary between taxiways and parking areas due to sanding and de-icing. Expect taxiways on bridges or other elevated areas to be more susceptible to ice formation than adjacent areas. An icy surface may be covered by a layer of snow. Melting ice or snow may cause rapid changes in traction. It is essential that the taxi speed be kept low enough that the airplane can be stopped in the space available. Reverse thrust may be used if necessary to assist in stopping.
Taxi slowly on contaminated taxiways to prevent snow and slush from impinging on wheel wells, flaps, and engines. Do not taxi through areas of deep snow or deep slush. A crowned, slippery taxiway or a slick crosswind taxiway may cause sideways slipping or weathervaning into the wind. Taxi as close as possible on the centerline and avoid large nose steering inputs. Be aware of snowbanks as extended flaps are particularly susceptible to damage from such hazards. Be alert for obscured runway, taxiway, or ramp markings
and lights.
Caution: During ground operation at temperatures below 6°C (42°F) and
simultaneous high moisture conditions (rain, sleet, snow or fog),
run each engine to as high a thrust as practical (70% N1 for a
minimum of 15 seconds is desired, however, an alternate thrust
setting of 60% N1 for a minimum of 40 seconds is acceptable)
every 10 minutes. Prior to takeoff under these conditions,
perform an engine run-up as above and observe that EPR, RPM,
and EGT indicate normal engine operation.
Be aware that blasted snow or ice can cause damage at considerable distances. Maintain increased separation behind other airplanes. Expect they may also require an engine run-up to counteract ice formation.
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本文链接地址：MD-80 Flight Manual 麦道80飞行手册 2(56)
