Federal Aviation Administration Twentieth Edition
consist of a white solid line to delineate each edge of the roadway and a dashed line to separate lanes within the edges of the roadway. In lieu of the solid lines, zipper markings may be used to delineate the edges of the vehicle roadway. (See FIG AD 1.1.30.) Details of the zipper markings are shown in FIG AD 1.1.31.
20.2 VOR Receiver Checkpoint Markings. The VOR receiver checkpoint marking allows the pilot to check aircraft instruments with navigational aid signals. It consists of a painted circle with an arrow in the middle; the arrow is aligned in the direction of the checkpoint azimuth. This marking, and an associated sign, is located on the airport apron or taxiway at a point selected for easy access by aircraft but where other airport traffic is not to be unduly obstructed. (See FIG AD 1.1.32.)
NOTE.
The associated sign contains the VOR station identification letter and course selected (published) for the check, the words “VOR check course,” and DME data (when applicable). The color of the letters and numerals are black on a yellow background.
EXAMPLE.
VOR SIGN DCA 176.356 VOR check course DME XXX
20.3 Nonmovement Area Boundary Markings.
These markings delineate the movement area; i.e., area under air traffic control. These markings are yellow and located on the boundary between the movement and nonmovement area. The nonmove-ment area boundary markings consist of two yellow lines (one solid and one dashed) 6 inches (15cm) in width. The solid line is located on the nonmovement area side while the dashed yellow line is located on the movement area side. The nonmovement boundary marking area is shown in FIG AD 1.1.33.
20.4 Marking and Lighting of Permanently Closed Runways and Taxiways. For runways and taxiways which are permanently closed, the lighting circuits will be disconnected. The runway threshold, runway designation, and touchdown markings are obliterated and yellow crosses are placed at each end of the runway and at 1,000 foot intervals. (See FIG AD 1.1.34.)
20.5 Temporarily Closed Runways and Taxiways.
To provide a visual indication to pilots that a runway is temporarily closed, crosses are placed on the runway only at each end of the runway. The crosses are yellow in color. (See FIG AD 1.1.34.)
20.5.1 A raised lighted yellow cross may be placed on each runway end in lieu of the markings described in paragraph 20.4 to indicate the runway is closed.
20.5.2 A visual indication may not be present depending on the reason for the closure, duration of the closure, airfield configuration, and the existence and the hours of operation of an airport traffic control tower. Pilots should check NOTAMs and the Automated Terminal Information System (ATIS) for local runway and taxiway closure information.
20.5.3 Temporarily closed taxiways are usually treated as hazardous areas, in which no part of an aircraft may enter, and are blocked with barricades. However, as an alternative, a yellow cross may be installed at each entrance to the taxiway.
20.6 Helicopter Landing Areas. The markings illustrated in FIG AD 1.1.35 are used to identify the landing and takeoff area at a public use heliport and hospital heliport. The letter “H” in the markings is oriented to align with the intended direction of approach. FIG AD 1.1.35 also depicts the markings for a closed airport.
20.7 Airport Signs. There are six types of signs installed on airfields: mandatory instruction signs, location signs, direction signs, destination signs, information signs, and runway distance remaining signs. The characteristics and use of these signs are discussed below.
REFERENCE.
Advisory Circular.150/5340.18, Standards for Airport Sign Systems.
21. Mandatory Instruction Signs
21.1 These signs have a red background with a white inscription and are used to denote:
21.1.1 An entrance to a runway or critical area.
21.1.2 Land and Hold Short Operations (LAHSO) holding position signs on runways:
21.1.2.1 Hold short of Intersecting Runway.
21.1.2.2 Hold short of Intersecting Taxiway.
21.1.2.3 Hold short of a Point.
21.1.3 Areas where an aircraft is prohibited from entering.
21.2 Typical mandatory signs and applications are:
21.2.1 Runway Holding Position Sign. This sign is located at the holding position on taxiways that intersect a runway or on runways that intersect other runways. The inscription on the sign contains the designation of the intersecting runway as shown in FIG AD 1.1.36. The runway numbers on the sign are arranged to correspond to the respective runway threshold. For example, “15.33” indicates that the threshold for Runway 15 is to the left and the threshold for Runway 33 is to the right.
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