12.8.5 The Airport/Facility Directory contains the types of lighting, runway, and the frequency that is used to activate the system for all public use airports with FAA standard systems. Airports with instrument approach procedures include data on the approach chart identifying the light system(s), the runway on which they are installed, and the frequency that is used to activate the system(s).
NOTE.
Although the CTAF is used to activate the lights at many airports, other frequencies may also be used. The appropriate frequency for activating the lights on the airport is provided in the Airport/Facility Directory and the standard instrument approach procedures publica-tions. It is not identified on the sectional charts.
12.8.6
Where the airport is not served by an instrument approach procedure, it may have either the standard FAA approach control system or an independent type system of different specification installed by the airport sponsor. The Airport/Facility Directory contains descriptions of pilot.controlled lighting systems for each airport having other than FAA approved systems, and explains the type lights, method of control, and operating frequency in clear text.
13.
Airport/Heliport Beacons
13.1 Airport and heliport beacons have a vertical light distribution to make them most effective from one to ten degrees above the horizon; however, they can be seen well above and below this peak spread. The beacon may be an omnidirectional capacitor-dis-charge device, or it may rotate at a constant speed which produces the visual effect of flashes at regular intervals. Flashes may be one or two colors alternately. The total number of flashes are:
13.1.1 24 to 30 per minute for beacons marking airports, landmarks, and points on Federal airways.
13.1.2 30 to 45 per minute for beacons marking heliports.
13.2 The colors and color combinations of beacons are:
13.2.1 White and Green.Lighted land airport.
13.2.2 *Green alone.Lighted land airport.
13.2.3 White and Yellow.Lighted water airport.
13.2.4 *Yellow alone.Lighted water airport.
13.2.5 Green, Yellow, and White.Lighted heliport.
NOTE.
*Green alone or yellow alone is used only in connection with a white-and-green or white-and-yellow beacon display, respectively.
13.3 Military airport beacons flash alternately white and green, but are differentiated from civil beacons by dual.peaked (two quick) white flashes between the green flashes.
13.4
In Class B, C, D, and E surface areas, operation of the airport beacon during the hours of daylight indicates that the ground visibility is less than 3 miles and/or the ceiling is less than 1,000 feet. An ATC clearance in accordance with 14 CFR Part 91 is required for landing, takeoff and flight in the traffic pattern. Pilots should not rely solely on the operation of the airport beacon to indicate if weather conditions are IFR or VFR. At locations with control towers, when controls are in the tower, ATC personnel turn the beacon on. At many airports, the airport beacon is turned on by a photoelectric cell or time clocks and ATC personnel cannot control it. There is no regulatory requirement for daylight operation, and it is the pilot’s responsibility to comply with proper pre.flight planning in accordance with 14 CFR Section 91.103.
14.
Taxiway Lights
14.1 Taxiway Edge Lights. Taxiway edge lights are used to outline the edges of taxiways during periods of darkness or restricted visibility conditions. These fixtures emit blue light.
NOTE.
At most major airports these lights have variable intensity settings and may be adjusted at pilot request or when deemed necessary by the controller.
14.2 Taxiway Centerline Lights. Taxiway center-line lights are used to facilitate ground traffic under low visibility conditions. They are located along the taxiway centerline in a straight line on straight portions, on the centerline of curved portions, and along designated taxiing paths in portions of runways, ramps, and apron areas. Taxiway centerline lights are steady burning and emit green light.
14.3 Clearance Bar Lights. Clearance bar lights are installed at holding positions on taxiways in order to increase the conspicuity of the holding position in low visibility conditions. They may also be installed to indicate the location of an intersecting taxiway during periods of darkness. Clearance bars consist of three in.pavement, steady.burning yellow lights.
14.4 Runway Guard Lights. Runway guard lights are installed at taxiway/runway intersections. They are primarily used to enhance the conspicuity of taxiway/runway intersections during low visibility conditions, but may be used in all weather conditions. Runway guard lights consist of either a pair of elevated flashing yellow lights installed on either side of the taxiway, or a row of in-pavement yellow lights installed across the entire taxiway, at the runway holding position marking.
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