Federal Aviation Administration Twentieth Edition
23. NAVAID Identifier Removal During Maintenance
23.1 During periods of routine or emergency maintenance, coded identification (or code and voice, where applicable) is removed from certain FAA NAVAIDs. Removal of the identification serves as warning to pilots that the facility is officially off the air for tune.up or repair and may be unreliable even though intermittent or constant signals are received.
NOTE.
During periods of maintenance, VHF ranges may radiate a T.E.S.T code (-. ... -).
NOTE.
DO NOT attempt to fly a procedure that is NOTAMed out of service even if the identification is present. In certain cases, the identification may be transmitted for short periods as part of the testing.
24. User Reports on NAVAID Performance
24.1 Users of the National Airspace System can render valuable assistance in the early correction of NAVAID malfunctions by reporting their observation of undesirable performance. Although NAVAIDs are monitored by electronic detectors adverse effects of electronic interference, new obstructions or changes in terrain near the NAVAID can exist without detection by the ground monitors. Some of the characteristics of malfunction or deteriorating performance which should be reported are: erratic course or bearing indications; intermittent, or full, flag alarm; garbled, missing or obviously improper coded identification; poor quality communications reception; or, in the case of frequency interference, an audible hum or tone accompanying radio commu-nications or navaid identification.
24.2 Reporters should identify the NAVAID, loca-tion of the aircraft, time of the observation, type of aircraft and describe the condition observed; the type of receivers in use will also be useful information. Reports can be made in any of the following ways:
24.2.1 Immediately, by radio communication to the controlling Air Route Traffic Control Center, Control Tower, or Flight Service Station. This provides the quickest result.
24.2.2 By telephone to the nearest FAA facility.
24.2.3 By FAA Form 8740.5, Safety Improvement Report, a postage.paid card designed for this purpose. These cards may be obtained at FAA Flight Service Stations, Flight Standards District Offices, and General Aviation Fixed Base Operations.
24.3
In aircraft that have more than one receiver, there are many combinations of possible interference between units. This can cause either erroneous navigation indications or, complete or partial blanking out of the communications. Pilots should be familiar enough with the radio installation of particular airplanes they fly to recognize this type of interference.
25.
Radio Communications and Navigation Facilities
25.1 A complete listing of air traffic radio communications facilities and frequencies and radio navigation facilities and frequencies are contained in the Airport/Facility Directory. Similar information for the Pacific and Alaskan areas is contained in the Pacific and Alaskan Supplements.
ENR 4.2 Special Navigation Systems
1. Doppler Radar detect and measure ground speed and drift angle, using the aircraft compass system as its directional
1.1 Doppler Radar is a semiautomatic self.con-reference. Doppler is less accurate than INS,
tained dead reckoning navigation system (radar however, and the use of an external reference is
sensor plus computer) which is not continuously required for periodic updates if acceptable position
dependent on information derived from ground based accuracy is to be achieved on long range flights.
or external aids. The system employs radar signals to
Federal Aviation Administration Twentieth Edition
ENR 5. NAVIGATION WARNINGS
ENR 5.1 Prohibited, Restricted, and Other Areas
1. Special Use Airspace
1.1 General
1.1.1 Special use airspace consists of that airspace wherein activities must be confined because of their nature, or wherein limitations are imposed upon aircraft operations that are not a part of those activities, or both. Except for controlled firing areas, special use airspace areas are depicted on aeronauti-cal charts.
1.1.2 Prohibited and restricted areas are regulatory special use airspace and are established in 14 CFR Part 73 through the rulemaking process.
1.1.3 Warning areas, military operations areas (MOAs), alert areas, and controlled firing areas (CFAs) are nonregulatory special use airspace. See Section for information on MOAs, alert areas, and CFAs.
1.1.4 Special use airspace descriptions (except CFAs) are contained in FAA Order 7400.8, Special Use Airspace.
1.1.5 Special use airspace (except CFAs) are charted on IFR and visual charts and include the hours of operation, altitudes, and the controlling agency.
1.2 Prohibited Areas
1.2.1 Prohibited areas contain airspace of defined dimensions identified by an area on the surface of the earth within which the flight of aircraft is prohibited. Such areas are established for security or other reasons associated with the national welfare. These areas are published in the Federal Register and are depicted on aeronautical charts.
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