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meter row letters beginning at the northing grid line 500,000 meters south of the equator. This staggering
lengthens the distance between 100,000-meter squares of the same identification. Below the equator,
100,000 row letters also read alphabetically from south to north, tying into the letters above in the same
zone. These principles are illustrated in Figure 1.36.
Figure 1.36. Designation of 100,000-Meter Squares, UTM Grid.
Figure 1.37. Identification of 100,000-Meter Square (NL) Within UTM Zone 32T.
58 AFPAM11-216 1 MARCH 2001
1.36.3.1. The identification of any 100,000-meter square is determined by reading (to the right) first its
column letter (as N) and (then up) to its row letter (as L) giving "NL" in Figure 1.37. Under this system,
a 100,000-meter square identification usually is not repeated within 18o in any direction. This normally
eliminates the necessity within such distance for preceding grid references with the GZD even though
the report is being made from as many as two grid zones away.
1.36.3.2. To prevent ambiguity of identifications along spheroid junctions, changes in the order of the
row letters are necessary. The row alphabet is shifted l0 letters. Thus, the maximum distance between the
same combination of letter identifiers is increased.
1.37. Locating a Military Grid Reference. A military grid reference consists of a group of letters and
numbers which indicate (1) the GZD, (2) the 100,000-meter square identification, and (3) the grid
coordinates of the point expressed to the desired accuracy. A reference is written as a continuous number
without spaces, parentheses, dashes, or decimal points.
1.37.1. Examples:
1.37.1.1. 32TNL— Locating a point within a 100,000-meter square.
1.37.1.2. 32TNL73— Locating a point within a 10,000-meter square.
1.37.1.3. 32TNL7438— Locating a point within 1,000 meters.
1.37.1.4. 32TNL743385— Locating a point within 100 meters.
1.37.2. To satisfy special needs, a reference can be given to the nearest 10 meters and the nearest 1
meter. Examples:
1.37.2.1. 32TNL74343856— Locating a point within l0 meters.
1.37.2.2. 32TNL7434238565— Locating a point within l meter.
NOTE: Just because a UTM coordinate contains 10 digits does not mean it is accurate to within 1 meter.
It means the coordinate is precise to within one meter. For example, many GPS receivers will report a
position to within 1 meter, yet the signals used to derive that position are accurate only to 100 meters.
There is a difference!
1.37.3. Normally, all elements of a grid reference are not used. Those to be omitted depend upon the size
of the area of activities, the proximity of a spheroid junction, and the scale of the map to which the
reference is keyed (interval of grid lines). To give the position of a point, first give the GZD, then the
100,000-meter square, such as 32TNL. The designation 32TNL describes the 100,000-meter square (NL)
that is located in the 6o by 8o grid zone, 32T. The origin of every 100,000-meter square is 0.0. To
reference a point within a 100,000-meter square, give the grid coordinates of the point. The grid
coordinates are designated by an even number of digits. The first half of this number, no matter how
small or large, is the easting; the second half, the northing. The reference 32TNL7434238565 locates an
object within a 1-meter square. The number 74342 is the easting (read to the right) coordinate, while
AFPAM11-216 1 MARCH 2001 59
38565 is the northing (read up) coordinate which locates a point within a 1-meter square of the 100,000-
meter square designated as NL and in grid zone 32T (Figure 1.38).
Figure 1.38. Grid Coordinates 32TNL7434238565 Identify a 1-Meter Square.
1.37.4. Sample Reference of UTM Grid. To illustrate the procedure for locating a point by the UTM
grid system, a fictitious example point identified within a reference box accompanies each grid overprint
as shown in Figure 1.39. Using the sample reference, the following procedure illustrates how to locate
the point whose standard reference is 32TNL7438:
1.37.4.1. 32T— identifies the 6o by 8o grid zone in which the point is located. NL—identifies the
100,000-meter square in which the point is located.
1.37.4.2. 74— The numbers 7 and 4 are both right reading, or easting figures. The first of these two digits
(7) identifies the interval easting beyond which the point falls. The second digit (4) is estimated; it
represents the value of the imaginary 1,000-meter easting column which includes the point.
1.37.4.3. 38— The numbers 3 and 8 are both up reading, or northing figures. The 3 identifies the interval
northing beyond which the point falls. Finally, the 8 defines the 1,000-meter estimated northing required
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