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Summary
The vast majority of ESD simulators today are ones which are
designed to meet the requirements of IEC 61000-4-2, and this
will likely be the case into the future. Work being done within
the IEC Maintenance Team responsible for the next revision
of 61000-4-2 will not be recommending any changes to the
basic simulator, but will concentrate instead on clarification
(there will be some modifications to the test set-ups to
improve reproducibility of tests).
Although the automotive industry is moving towards
harmonization with IEC standards through ISO standards
changes, it isn’t likely that individual corporate standards
will go away. Therefore, simulators with special discharge
networks and higher voltage capabilities will still be required.
MIL-STD 883 isn’t likely to change, and various standards
will continue to evolve for testing at the IC level. Overall,
the simulators that exist today are pretty much what we’ll see
for the next decade for most applications. However, if the
TLP testers can be improved for testing devices to standards,
such as IEC 61000-4-2, it’s possible these could become the
ESD simulator of the future, offering more highly controlled
discharge, and better reproducibility and repeatability.
Michael Hopkins is an independent consultant to
Thermo Fisher Scientific, and can be reached at
michael.hopkins@thermofisher.com.
Notes
A simulator manufactured by Andy Hish was widely used
by electronic manufacturers in the 1980’s and became a
defacto standard for many.
The KeyTek Model 2000 gun was introduced in 1983
which in addition to providing a range of discharge
modules to meet the various ESD standards requirements,
also was the first ESD simulator to provide a method of
testing for the individual effects electric and magnetic
fields generated by ESD events.
One of the earliest testers was manufactured by Hartley,
a UK company, and distributed by KeyTek Instrument
Corp in the early ‘80’s. KeyTek developed the first
completely computer controlled tester for IC’s in 1989
called the “ZapMaster.”
Prior to the publication of the EMC Directive, each
country had it’s own requirements for EMC compliance
and outside manufacturers wishing to do business
in Europe were faced with a volumes of different
compliance requirements.
KeyTek (now part of Thermo Fisher Scientific) and
Schaffner (now Teseq) were the dominant suppliers of
ESD simulators for IEC harmonized standards, followed
by Haefely, EMTest, EMCPartner, Noise Ken, Kikisui
and others.
Technical Tidbit – Cable Effects Part 1: Cable Discharge
Events; Doug Smith, January 2002.
Cable Discharge Event in the Local Area Network: Intel
White Paper July 2001; order Number 249812-001.
A Simple Model For a “Cable Discharge Event”; Rick
Brooks; IEEE802.3 Cable Discharge Ad-hoc, March
2001.
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