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Apollo 11 and, 222–223
Apollo 12 and, 237
Apollo 14 and, 245–247
landing design and, 199–200
Pressure suits, 18
Primary navigation and guidance system
(PNGS), 259
Eagle and, 218, 220, 230–231
landing design and, 191, 196–197, 200–201,
207
Professionalism, 29–31, 40
Program Alarm, 3, 8
Program Development Plan, 171
Program Evaluation and Review Technique
(PERT), 98
Project management
communication errors and, 175–176
installation of, 169–174
Psychologists, 76, 81
Pucker factor, 211
Puckett, Allen, 43
punch cards, 152, 189
Pynchon, Thomas, 13
Q-guidance technique, 98–100
Quarterly Review, 31, 36, 39
Quesada, Elwood, 40
Radar, 1, 168
Eagle alarms and, 227–232
landing design and, 183, 188–191, 200–201,
208, 213
Ragan, Ralph, 95, 127, 155, 170
Ramo, Simon, 37
Ramo-Woolridge, 37
Rate-control feature, 81
Rathert, George, 123
Raytheon Company, 95, 110, 127, 154–155
Reaction control system (RCS), 223, 226
Apollo 12 and, 237–238
Apollo 14 and, 246
landing design and191, 193, 196, 200
Real-Time Computer Complex (RTCC), 171
Redstone ballistic missile, 65, 74, 77
352 Index
Reentry, 265
adaptive control systems and, 57–58
Apollo 8 and, 179
astronauts and, 160
digital computers and, 87
Gemini and, 83–84
manual, 160
Mercury and, 83
stability augmentation system (SAS) and, 55–
57
structural heating and, 44–45, 47, 54–55, 175
Vostok and, 89
X-15 and, 54–57, 66
Reliability, 145
Apollo computer and, 127–133
astronaut safety and, 127
atomic frequency standards and, 138
black boxes and, 135
designing, 132–133
digital autopilot and, 139–142
display and keyboard (DSKY) unit and, 165–
169
humidity effects and, 137–138
in-flight repair and, 137–138, 159
integrated circuits (ICs) and, 131
mean time between failure (MTBF) and, 130,
133
statistical failure analysis and, 131–132
transistors and, 130
vacuum tubes and, 130
vendors and, 132–133
Rendezvous
Eagle alarms and, 227–232
Gemini and, 84–88
landings and, 194
lunar orbit rendezvous (LOR), 111–113, 135,
146
Soviets and, 89–90
Right Stuff, The (Wolfe), 28, 74
Roberts, J. O., 35
Robots, 271
connotation of word, 22
human factors and, 8, 15–16
landers and, 235, 240
orbiters and, 202
submarine, 268
surgical, 268
telerobots and, 15–16, 161
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and, 267
Rockets, 6, 33. See also Spaceflight
astronauts and, 65–66
booster, 72–73, 80, 87, 93–94
centrifuge tests and, 70–72
decision points and, 103
Johnsville tests and, 71–72
lunar module (LM) and, 183
Pilotless Aircraft Research Division and, 46
reaction thrusters and, 55
Saturn, 33, 70–71, 112–113
Space Task Group (STG) and, 74–77
Titan, 87
V–2, 72
X-15 engine and, 47
Rogers, Buck, 12
Root locus plots, 33
Ropes, core, 154–157, 171
Rudder pedals, 79
Rusnak, Walter, 211
Ryan Aeronautical, 190
Safety, 91, 269
airlines and, 267
Apollo 11 and, 218, 220
automation and, 170, 260, 267 (see also
Reliability)
guidance systems and, 119
landing design and, 193, 202
Society of Experimental Test Pilots (SETP)
and, 18, 31
Testy Test Pilots Society and, 29–31
Saturn rockets, 33, 70–71, 112–113
Scanning telescope, 114–119
Schirra, Wally, 82, 84–85, 177
Schmidt, Harrison ‘‘Jack,’’ 256–257
Schmidt, Stanley, 103
Schweikart, Rusty, 185–186
Index 353
Scientist-astronauts, 256–257
Scott, David, 257, 260
airmen school and, 85, 87
Apollo 15 and, 251–255
automation and, 258–259
computers and, 140, 165, 169, 235
education of, 256
landing design and, 213
lunar module (LM) and, 186
Seamans, Robert, 75, 97, 107, 169
Sea of Tranquility, 251
Sense amplifiers, 126
Sequencers, 149–150
Service propulsion system (SPS) engines, 175,
177
Shea, Joe, 263–264
airmen school and, 37, 66
astronaut deaths and, 173
background of, 134
digital autopilot and, 139–142
guidance systems and, 120
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