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orbital transfers and, 101–102
P40 program and, 150
primary navigation and guidance system
(PNGS) and, 191, 196–197, 200–201, 207,
218, 220, 230–231, 259
software and, 145–147, 151–154
space sextant and, 104, 109–110, 114–119
statistical methods for, 103
Nevins, Jim, 161–165, 177, 186, 196
New Soviet Man, 89
New York Times, 80–82, 84
Nixon, Richard, 49, 232, 251
NOR gates, 99, 126
350 Index
North American Aviation, 30, 33, 35, 96
command module contract and, 112
digital autopilot and, 141
humidity effects and, 137–138
nature of, 113–114
optics issues and, 116–117
Shea and, 135–136
Northrop Aircraft, 29
Noun 69, 236–237, 242–243
Noyce, Robert, 99, 127
Occultation, 102, 105
Of a Fire on the Moon (Mailer), 95, 217
Operating systems, 149–150
Operator error, 159–160
Opportunity rover, 15
Optics
Apollo and, 114–119
lower equipment bay and, 116
mounting of, 115–116
North American and, 116–117
space sextant and, 114–115
Orbiter spacecraft, 210
Orientation, 47–48, 99–101
Oscillation, 33
Adams death and, 60
fly-by-wire control and, 79, 81
pilot induced, 50–51
Outer loop functions, 58
Oxford English Dictionary, The, 36, 145–146
P-38 Lightning, 45
P40 program, 150
Palmetto Crater, 255
Paper tape instructions, 156
Peopleware, 149
Peterson, 61
Philco, 126
Philips, Sam, 37, 134, 176
Phillips, W. Hewitt, 27–28, 75
‘‘Pilot Contributions to Mission Success’’
(Crossfield), 43
Pilot induced oscillation (PIO), 50–51
Pilotless Aircraft Research Division (PARD), 46,
75
Pilots, 8
age of systems and, 36–41
airmen vs. chauffeur school and, 21–23, 46–
49, 63, 160–161
anxiety and, 54
Apollo program and, 20 (see also Apollo
program)
automation and, 17–21, 26, 43, 66–69, 73–
83, 139–142, 259–260
barnstormers and, 10, 20
black boxes and, 34–36, 39
booster control and, 80, 93–94
centrifuge tests and, 70–72
command module and, 108–109
computer interactions and, 1–7, 19–21, 107,
161–166
control and, 19–21 (see also Control)
Cooper-Harper rating scale and, 31–32, 186
as cowboys, 28, 74
credit/blame for, 81
as cyborgs, 36
Dyna-Soar program and, 68, 70–73
engineers and, 24–28
fatigue and, 23–24
fighter, 20
flight stress and, 77
fly-by-wire control and, 79, 81, 140, 266
flying qualities and, 26–28
fox-corpen and, 237
fuel issues and, 207
future of, 263–271
gain and, 51, 54
Gemini program and, 83–88 (see also Gemini
program)
hands-on approach and, 10
image of, 28–29
instrumentation and, 24–26, 35–36 (see also
Instrumentation)
Johnsville tests and, 70–73
limits of, 39
lunar box canyons and, 251
Index 351
Pilots (cont.)
lunar module (LM) and, 191–197, 208
masculinity and, 13–14, 22–23, 146
mechanical vs. natural, 24
Mercury program and, 6–7, 73–83 (see also
Mercury program)
missiles and, 18–19, 37–40, 61–62
mundane work and, 14
precision landings and, 235–243
professionalism and, 29–31, 40
psychologists and, 76–77, 81
replacement of, 158
scientist-astronauts and, 256–257
sensing wind direction and, 25
simulators and, 2–3, 32, 51–54 (see also
Simulators)
skill and, 22–24
Society of Experimental Test Pilots (SETP)
and, 17–19, 24, 30–31
software and, 161–165
space rendezvous and, 84–88
Space Task Group (STG) and, 74–77
stability augmentation system (SAS) and, 55–
57
stunt, 20
supersonic flight and, 32–36
survival and, 17–19
symbolism and, 10–13
systems engineering and, 36–41
teleprinter and, 108–109
von Braun and, 66–69
women and, 13
X-15 and, 45–63
PINBALL GAME BUTTONS AND LIGHTS, 166
Plant 42, 29
Polaris submarine, 7, 37, 104
Apollo and, 110
computers and, 125–127
digital differential analyzer architecture and,
98
MIT Instrumentation Laboratory and, 97–99
Powered descent initiation (PDI), 3
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