曝光台 注意防骗
网曝天猫店富美金盛家居专营店坑蒙拐骗欺诈消费者
Publications Coordinator, Mail Stop 262-4, NASA Ames
Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035-1000, and should
reference the specific paper numbers and titles of interest,
listed below:
#1 - “Do You Know What Mode You’re In?” (Anthony Andre
and Asaf Degani)
#2 - “Modes in Automated Cockpits” (Asaf Degani, Mike
Shafto, and Alex Kirlik)
#3 - “Modes in Human-Automation Interaction” (Asaf
Degani and Alex Kirlik)
A Monthly Safety Bulletin
from
The Office of the NASA
Aviation Safety Reporting
System,
P.O. Box 189,
Moffett Field, CA
94035-0189
ASRS Recently Issued Alerts On...
ATC radar “dead spots” near a North Carolina VORTAC
Hazardous position of an arresting cable at a NY airport
Abrupt pitch-up and roll in a B-747A attributed to failed INS
Altitude deviation attributed to SA227 runaway stabilizer trim
Number 208 October 1996
July 1996 Report Intake
Air Carrier Pilots 1897
General Aviation Pilots 784
Controllers 208
Cabin/Mechanics/Military/Other 31
False airspeed indication caused by A-300 pitot heat failure TOTAL 2920
Avoiding “SAR” While IFR
Most pilots may believe that the meaning of “clearance void
time” is pretty obvious—the time after which a given IFR
clearance is not longer valid. But there is more to know
about the phrase, as this flight instructor learned:
n I told my student to file an IFR flight plan, [then] had
him amend it when he called back for clearance pickup. The
student was issued a release time and a void time... The void
time was only 10 minutes after the phone call, and I didn’t
see that we would make it off in time. We departed [on a
local flight] 5-8 minutes after our void time, and assumed the
plan was canceled. [I thought] if you were not off the ground
by the void time, and no phone call was made [to ATC]...the
flight plan was canceled. Not so, as I learned when we
returned. The Controller had made numerous phone calls,
looking for us.
Section 5-2-4 (Departure Procedures) of the Aeronautical
Information Manual (AIM) offers this clarification: “A pilot
who does not depart prior to the clearance void time must
advise ATC as soon as possible of their intentions... This
time cannot exceed 30 minutes. Failure of an aircraft to
contact ATC within 30 minutes after the clearance void time
will result in the aircraft being considered overdue and
search-and-rescue [SAR] procedures initiated.”
Another instance when search-and-rescue procedures may
be initiated is described by our next reporter, who
mistakenly believed that a VFR flight plan could be
“converted” to an IFR flight plan en route without first
closing the VFR flight plan segment:
n I filed a VFR flight plan... The flight departed VFR
normally and [soon] I was on top, VFR, with a solid
undercast... The sky cover became broken with building
cumulus due to a developing line of thunderstorms. Being
IFR rated, both pilot and airplane, I obtained an IFR flight
plan from Center by converting my VFR plan. I was cleared
IFR to destination by Center. However, I decided to
land...and was cleared to the ABC airport by Center and
handed off to the Tower (a non-federal tower) and landed.
After the weather had passed and [we] had some food, we
departed for destination VFR. I called FSS to obtain a
weather briefing and to file a VFR flight plan and was
advised...that a search-and-rescue had been initiated for us
because I neglected to close my VFR flight plan. I assumed
that because I had converted to an IFR plan and landed at a
tower-controlled airport, that my plan was automatically
closed. The FSS told me that...I should have closed my VFR
plan personally and separately.
After talking to other pilots later, I realized they also would
have assumed the original VFR plan would automatically
have been closed and would not have closed it separately...
Section 6-2-7 of the AIM offers these cautions in filing VFR
flight plans: “If you land at a location other than the
intended destination, report the landing to the nearest FAA
FSS and advise them of your original destination... The pilot
is responsible for closure of a VFR...flight plan; they are not
closed automatically.”
Whenever the pilot of one aircraft can see another
aircraft, the see-and-avoid-concept applies. FAR 91.113(b)
explains: “...When weather conditions permit, regardless
of whether an operation is conducted under instrument
flight rules or visual flight rules [ASRS emphasis],
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