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the deluge was considerable.
After flying through the sand cloud, the aircraft continued
on and landed uneventfully. My main concern was the
lack of adequate return from a perfectly good radar and the
hazard involved in flying through wet sand. The radome
was damaged, the landing light lenses blown out, and the
windshields partly crazed over. All the static wicks were
also missing.
This aircraft’s Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS)
apparently interpreted the sand cloud as terrain and
signaled a pull-up.
ASRS on the “Web”
Earlier this year, we announced that ASRS has an
Internet site.
address exactly as it appears:
http://www-afo.arc.nasa.gov/ASRS/ASRS.html
We hope you’ll visit us soon to sample some of our
aviation safety fare, including an ASRS overview, and
pilot/controller reporting forms.
the Adobe Acrobat Reader are back issues of two ASRS
publications — CALLBACK from December 1994 to the
present, and Directline from Winter 1990 to the present.
Soon, you will be able to access these two publications
directly in an “html” format.
It can be reached by typing the following
Also available through
ASRS Recently Issued Alerts On...
Toe-brake failure on an ATR-42
Flap asymmetry control problems on an E-120
Loose rocks on taxiways at a Mississippi airport
Uncommanded spoiler deployment on a B737-200
Radar display strobing at a Florida TRACON facility
A Monthly Safety Bulletin
from
The Office of the NASA
Aviation Safety Reporting
System,
P.O. Box 189,
Moffett Field, CA
94035-0189
April 1996 Report Intake
Air Carrier Pilots 1872
General Aviation Pilots 667
Controllers 112
Cabin/Mechanics/Military/Other 43
T O T A L 2694
ASRS frequently receives reports of runway incursion
incidents attributed to the forgetting of taxi rules, faulty
Taxi To,
Not Through
TAXI
crew coordination, and unmet expectations. Our first
reporter belatedly remembered the basic rule of taxiing—
proceed only as far as instructed, and never onto the
assigned takeoff runway without specific permission.
■ We were cleared to taxi to 16L. As we approached 16L,
I looked for traffic, saw none, and continued across. As
the nose of the aircraft entered the runway area, I saw a
small airplane on final. It was too late to stop, so I sped
up to cross faster. The other airplane landed without
incident.
Listening to Ground earlier, I had heard him give, “Taxi
16L via…hold short of 16L,” [to another aircraft]. Because
I did not get the “hold short,” I was in the mind set that I
was cleared to cross, forgetting the old basic that “taxi to”
is permission to cross all runways except the active. We
get so used to being told where to hold short that when it
is not said, we forget about this exception to the basic rule
about taxiing.
Not unlike real estate, in which the key words are
“location, location, location,” so it is with taxi
instructions. Controllers usually are quite explicit about
directing an aircraft where to taxi, and when.
Lack of cockpit coordination during taxi caught this flight
crew off-guard, as the First Officer reports:
■ After touchdown, the Local Controller instructed us to
exit runway 22 using the forward high-speed taxiway and
hold short of runway 27. I read back those instructions,
and proceeded to complete the after-landing checklist. The
Captain must not have understood our instructions to
hold short, and continued to taxi across [runway] 27. He
asked me, “We were cleared to cross, right?” and I replied,
“No.” Lack of proper communication and understanding
of instructions between crew members were factors in the
situation.
The Captain involved in this same incident had
expectation on his mind:
■ I had been doing this same flight for almost 2 months;
runway 22 had been the runway 90% of the time, and
every landing on 22 had been followed by, “Exit the
highspeed, cross 27, [contact] Ground the other side.” I
mistakenly expected this, and wanted to hear it.
Confirmation between crew members of the controller’s
instructions, and clarification with the controller if
necessary, might have prevented this incident. When in
doubt, check it out!
High-Speed Taxi
Taxiway incursions are also common, usually occurring
when an aircraft taxies without clearance onto a
taxiway from a runway or ramp area. An air carrier
Captain reports a near ground collision resulting from
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