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in managing risk. Chapter 3(FAA SS HB) describes the risk management process. "System" is
also a relative term. A subsystem can be viewed as a system with more narrow predetermined
boundaries than the system. System safety is not an absolute quantity either. System safety is
an optimized level of risk that is constrained by cost, time, and operational effectiveness
(performance). System safety requires that risk be evaluated and the level of risk accepted or
rejected by an authority. Finally, system safety is a discipline employed from the initial design
steps through system disposal (also known as "cradle to grave or "womb to tomb").
Safety Analysis All associated analysis methods, process, and / or techniques to systematically evaluate safety
related risks.
Safety Risk
Management
Committee
(SRMC)
The principal reason to employ risk management and/or risk analysis is to improve decisionmaking.
Risk analysis and risk management is at the heart of many FAA regulatory decisions.
For example, risk analysis was performed to determine the hazards to flight from airborne wind
shear. Risk management was also evident in the decision to require that all airliners be
equipped with airborne wind shear detection. Risk management requires first analyzing risk inturn
requiring access to sufficient credible data, and then developing policies and procedures to
FAA System Safety Handbook, Appendix A: Glossary
December 30, 2000
A -14
CONCEPT or
TERM
DESCRIPTION
eliminate, mitigate, and/or manage them. In keeping with this process, an intra-agency team
(the SRMC) was formed to examine the FAA’s approach to risk management. The committee
was and remains open to representatives of all FAA organizations interested in risk
management.
If the RHI ranking criteria use risk as a function of severity and probability, quantitative scales
or qualitative scales based on quantitative logic should be used. If the concept that the expected
losses (or risk) associated with a hazardous event or condition may be estimated by multiplying
the expected severity of the accident by the probability of the accident, then some sort of
quantitative basis is necessary. Failure to provide a quantitative basis for the scales can cause
significant confusion and dissipation of safety resources when an arbitrary risk ranking scale is
used.
This committee inventoried existing FAA risk management processes, capabilities, and
practices. Processes included types of decisions appropriate for risk management and current
technical approaches. Capabilities included personnel skill levels, tools, and access to needed
data. Practices include details of implementation and documentation.
The SRMC has become a standing committee to serve as a resource for the FAA. It currently:
exchanges risk management information between offices and other government agencies to
avoid duplication of effort. It provides support across program lines including risk
management/analysis training assistance capability. It identifies and recommends needed
enhancements to FAA risk management/analysis capabilities and/or efficiencies.
Safety Critical All interactions, elements, components, subsystems, functions, processes, interfaces, within the
system that can affect a predetermined level of risk.
Safety
Engineering
Report
Documents the results of safety analyses, including Operational Safety Assessments (OSA),
Comparative Risk Assessments (CRA), Preliminary Hazard Analyses (PHA), System Hazard
Analyses (SHA), Subsystem Hazard Analyses (SSHA), and Operational and Support Hazard
Analysis (O&SHA).
Security Risk Some safety risks that the FAA must manage are the result of security issues. By its nature,
the details of methodologies used to analyze and assess security hazards/risks cannot be
published in this document. The section does, however, summarize a top-level approach to
security risk management, especially as it relates to the methodologies used for safety risk
management. Since the development of safety and risk management has not always been
parallel, their terminology is sometimes different. Several security unique terms are introduced.
Safety and Security hazards are both caused by experiencing a series of events that lead to a
questionable condition. In security analyses, the term vulnerability is used to summarize the
event path (approach used to achieve negative effect) that leads to the hazard.
Single Point
Failure
A single item of hardware, the failure of which would lead directly to loss of life, and / or
system. Actually, a single malfunction, and / or failure, and /or error, of which would lead to
loss of life, and / or system.
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