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Appendix A
Glossary
FAA System Safety Handbook, Appendix A: Glossary
December 30, 2000
A-1
CONCEPT or
TERM
DESCRIPTION
Acceptable Risk The residual (final) risk remaining after application of controls, i.e. Hazard Controls / Risk
Controls, have been applied to the associated Contributory Hazards; that have been identified
and communicated to management for acceptance.
Accident An unplanned fortuitous event that results in harm, i.e. loss, fatality, injury, system loss; also
see Risk Severity. The specific type and level of harm must be defined; the worst case severity
that can be expected as the result of the specific event under study. Various contributory
hazards can result in a single accident; also see Contributory Hazard, Cause, Root Cause, and
Initiating Events.
Accident. An unplanned event that results in a harmful outcome; e.g. death, injury,
occupational illness, or major damage to or loss of property.
Accident. An unplanned event or series of events resulting in:
Death.
Injury.
Occupational illness.
Damage to or loss of equipment or property.
Damage to the environment.
Accreditation A formal declaration by the Accreditation Authority that a system is approved to operate in a
particular manner using a prescribed set of safeguards.
Act A formal decision or law passed by a legislative body.
Administrative
Hazard Control
Administrative controls to eliminate or reduce safety related risk, i.e. training, programs,
procedures, warnings, instruction, tasks, plans; also see Risk Control.
Anomalous
Behavior
Behavior which is not in accordance with the documented requirements
Architecture
The organizational structure of a system, identifying its components, their interfaces and a
concept of execution between them.
Assumed Risk The residual risk associated with a specific hazardous event or primary hazard, which has been
accepted by management.
Audit An independent examination of the life cycle processes and their products for compliance,
accuracy, completeness and traceability.
Audit Trail The creation of a chronological record of system activities (audit trail) that is sufficient to
enable the reconstruction, review, and examination of the sequence of environments and
activities surrounding or leading to an operation, procedure, or an event in a transaction from
its inception to its final results.
Authenticate (1) To verify the identity of a user, device, or other entity in a system, often as a prerequisite to
allowing access to resources in the system.
(2) To verify the integrity of data that has been stored, transmitted, or otherwise exposed to
possible unauthorized modification.
Barrier A material object or set of objects that separates, Demarcates, or services as a barricade; or
FAA System Safety Handbook, Appendix A: Glossary
December 30, 2000
A -2
CONCEPT or
TERM
DESCRIPTION
something immaterial that impedes or separates. Both physical and non-physical barriers are
utilized and applied in hazard control; i.e. anything used to control, prevent or impede unwanted
adverse energy flow and / or anything used to control, prevent or impede unwanted event flow.
Baseline The approved, documented configuration of a software or hardware configuration item, that
thereafter serves the basis for further development and that can be changed only through change
control procedures.
Cause Something that brings about an event; a person or thing that is the occasion of an action or
state; a reason for an action or condition.
Certification Legal recognition by the certification authority that a product, service, organization or person
complies with the applicable requirements. Such certification comprises the activity of
checking the product, service, organization or person and the formal recognition of compliance
with the applicable requirements by issue of certificate, license, approval or other document as
required by national law or procedures. In particular, certification of a product involves:
(a) the process of assuring the design of a product to ensure that it complies with a set of
standards applicable to that type of product so as to demonstrate an acceptable level of safety,
(acceptable risk);
(b) the process of assessing an individual product to ensure that it conforms to the certified type
design;
(c) the issue of any certificate required by national laws to declare that compliance or
conformity has been found with applicable standards in accordance with item (a).
Certification
Authority
The organization or person responsible within the state (country) concerned with the
certification of compliance with applicable requirements.
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