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A.2.3 Non-Government publications. This section is not applicable to this appendix.
A.2.4 Order of precedence. Since this appendix is not mandatory, in event of a conflict
between the text of this appendix and the reference cited herein, the text of the reference takes
precedence. Nothing in this appendix supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a
specific exemption has been obtained.
MIL-STD-882D
APPENDIX A
9
A.3 DEFINITIONS
A.3.1 Acronyms used in this appendix. No additional acronyms are used in this
appendix.
A.3.2 Definitions. Additional definitions that apply to this appendix:
A.3.2.1 Development agreement. The formal documentation of the agreed-upon tasks
that the developer will execute for the program manager. For a commercial developer, this
agreement usually is in the form of a written contract.
A.3.2.2 Fail-safe. A design feature that ensures the system remains safe, or in the event
of a failure, causes the system to revert to a state that will not cause a mishap.
A.3.2.3 Health hazard assessment. The application of biomedical knowledge and
principles to identify and eliminate or control health hazards associated with systems in direct
support of the life-cycle management of materiel items.
A.3.2.4 Mishap probability. The aggregate probability of occurrence of the individual
events/hazards that might create a specific mishap.
A.3.2.5 Mishap probability levels. An arbitrary categorization that provides a
qualitative measure of the most reasonable likelihood of occurrence of a mishap resulting from
personnel error, environmental conditions, design inadequacies, procedural deficiencies, or
system, subsystem, or component failure or malfunction.
A.3.2.6 Mishap risk assessment. The process of characterizing hazards within risk areas
and critical technical processes, analyzing them for their potential mishap severity and
probabilities of occurrence, and prioritizing them for risk mitigation actions.
A.3.2.7 Mishap risk categories. An arbitrary categorization of mishap risk assessment
values often used to generate specific action such as mandatory reporting of certain hazards to
management for action, or formal acceptance of the associated mishap risk.
A.3.2.8 Mishap severity. An assessment of the consequences of the most reasonable
credible mishap that could be caused by a specific hazard.
A.3.2.9 Mishap severity category. An arbitrary categorization that provides a
qualitative measure of the most reasonable credible mishap resulting from personnel error,
environmental conditions, design inadequacies, procedural deficiencies, or system, subsystem, or
component failure or malfunction.
A.3.2.10 Safety critical. A term applied to any condition, event, operation, process, or
item whose proper recognition, control, performance, or tolerance is essential to safe system
operation and support (e.g., safety critical function, safety critical path, or safety critical
component).
MIL-STD-882D
APPENDIX A
10
A.3.2.11 System safety management. All plans and actions taken to identify, assess,
mitigate, and continuously track, control, and document environmental, safety, and health
mishap risks encountered in the development, test, acquisition, use, and disposal of DoD weapon
systems, subsystems, equipment, and facilities.
A.4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
A.4.1 General. System safety applies engineering and management principles, criteria,
and techniques to achieve acceptable mishap risk, within the constraints of operational
effectiveness, time, and cost, throughout all phases of the system life cycle. It draws upon
professional knowledge and specialized skills in the mathematical, physical, and scientific
disciplines, together with the principles and methods of engineering design and analysis, to
specify and evaluate the environmental, safety, and health mishap risk associated with a system.
Experience indicates that the degree of safety achieved in a system is directly dependent upon
the emphasis given. The program manager and the developer must apply this emphasis during
all phases of the system's life cycle. A safe design is a prerequisite for safe operations, with the
goal being to produce an inherently safe product that will have the minimum safety-imposed
operational restrictions.
A.4.1.1 System safety in environmental and health hazard management. DoD 5000.2-R
has directed the integration of environmental, safety, and health hazard management into the
systems engineering process. While environmental and health hazard management are normally
associated with the application of statutory direction and requirements, the management of
mishap risk associated with actual environmental and health hazards is directly addressed by the
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