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materials, and recommends materials that reduce the associated risks and life-cycle costs. Materials are
evaluated if (because of their physical, chemical, or biological characteristics; quantity; or concentrations)
they cause or contribute to adverse effects in organisms or offspring, pose a substantial present or future
danger to the environment, or result in damage to or loss of equipment or property during the systems life
cycle.
An HHA should include the evaluation of the following:
· Chemical hazards - Hazardous materials that are flammable, corrosive, toxic, carcinogens or
suspected carcinogens, systemic poisons, asphyxiants, or respiratory irritants
· Physical hazards (e.g., noise, heat, cold, ionizing and non-ionizing radiation)
· Biological hazards (e.g., bacteria, fungi)
· Ergonomic hazards (e.g., lifting, task saturation)
· Other hazardous materials that may be introduced by the system during manufacture,
operation, or maintenance.
The evaluation is performed in the context of the following:
FAA System Safety Handbook, Chapter 8: Safety Analysis/Hazard Analysis Tasks
December 30, 2000
8- 20
· System, facility, and personnel protective equipment requirements (e.g., ventilation, noise
attenuation, radiation barriers) to allow safe operation and maintenance. When feasible
engineering designs are not available to reduce hazards to acceptable levels, alternative
protective measures must be specified (e.g., protective clothing, operation or maintenance
procedures to reduce risk to an acceptable level).
· Potential material substitutions and projected disposal issues. The HHA discusses long- term
effects such as the cost of using alternative materials over the life cycle or the capability and
cost of disposing of a substance.
· Hazardous material data. The HHA describes the means for identifying and tracking
information for each hazardous material. Specific categories of health hazards and impacts
that may be considered are acute health, chronic health, cancer, contact, flammability,
reactivity, and environment.
The HHA’s hazardous materials evaluation must include the following:
· Identification of the hazardous materials by name(s) and stock numbers (or CAS numbers);
the affected system components and processes; the quantities, characteristics, and
concentrations of the materials in the system; and source documents relating to the materials
· Determination of the conditions under which the hazardous materials can release or emit
components in a form that may be inhaled, ingested, absorbed by living beings, or leached
into the environment
· Characterization material hazards and determination of reference quantities and hazard
ratings for system materials in question
· Estimation of the expected usage rate of each hazardous material for each process or
component for the system and program-wide impact
· Recommendations for the disposition of each hazardous material identified. If a reference
quantity is exceeded by the estimated usage rate, material substitution or altered processes
may be considered to reduce risks associated with the material hazards while evaluating the
impact on program costs.
For each proposed and alternative material, the assessment must provide the following data for
management review:
· Material identification. Includes material identity, common or trade names, chemical name,
chemical abstract service (CAS) number, national stock number (NSN), local stock number,
physical state, and manufacturers and suppliers
· Material use and quantity. Includes component name, description, operations details, total
system and life cycle quantities to be used, and concentrations of any mixtures
· Hazard identification. Identifies the adverse effects of the material on personnel, the system,
environment, or facilities
· Toxicity assessment. Describes expected frequency, duration, and amount of exposure.
References for the assessment must be provided
FAA System Safety Handbook, Chapter 8: Safety Analysis/Hazard Analysis Tasks
December 30, 2000
8- 21
· Risk calculations. Includes classification of severity and probability of occurrence,
acceptable levels of risk, any missing information, and discussions of uncertainties in the data
or calculations.
For work performed under contract, details to be specified in the SOW include:
· Minimum risk severity and probability reporting thresholds
· Any selected hazards, hazardous areas, hazardous materials or other specific items to be
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System Safety Handbook系统安全手册下(34)
