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Controls
GUARD
On Source
Barrier Between
On Human or Object
Raise Threshold (harden)
IMPROVE TASK DESIGN
Sequence of Events (Flow)
Timing (within tasks, between
tasks)
Human-Machine
Interface/Ergonomics
Simplify Tasks
Reduce Task Loads
(physical, mental, emotional)
Backout Options
LIMIT EXPOSURE
Number of People or Items
Time
Iterations
SELECTION OF PERSONNEL
Mental Criteria
Emotional Criteria
Physical Criteria
Experience
TRAIN AND EDUCATE
Core Tasks (especially critical
tasks)
Leader Tasks
Emergency/Contingency
Tasks
Safety Tasks
Rehearsals
WARN
Signs/Color Coding
Audio/Visual Alarms
Briefings
MOTIVATE
Measurable Standards
Essential Accountability
Positive/negative Incentives
Competition
Demonstrations of Effects
REDUCE EFFECTS
Emergency Equipment
Rescue Capabilities
FAA System Safety Handbook, Appendix F
December 30, 2000
F-47
OPTONS OPERATOR LEADER STAFF MGR
Emergency Medical Care
Emergency Procedures
Damage Control
Procedures/Plans
Backups/Redundant
Capabilities
REHABILITATE
Personnel
Facilities/equipment
Operational Capabilities
Figure 3.1.1B Example Risk Control Options Matrix
OPTIONS SOME EXAMPLES
ENGINEER (Energy Mgt.).
Limit Energy Lower voltages, small amount of explosives, reduce
heights, and reduce speeds
Substitute Safer Form Use air power, less hazardous chemicals, more stable
explosives/chemicals
Prevent Buildup Use automatic cutoffs, blowout panels, limit momentum,
governors
Prevent Release Containment, double/triple containment
Provide Slow Release Use pressure relief valves, energy absorbing materials
Rechannel/separate in
Time/Space
Automatic processes, deviators, barriers, distance
Provide Special Maint of
Controls
Special procedures, special checks/audits
GUARD.
On Source Fire suppression systems, energy absorbing systems (crash
walls, etc.)
Barrier between Revetments, walls, distance
On Human or Object Personal protective equipment, energy absorbing materials
Raise Threshold (harden) Acclimatization, over-design, reinforcement, physical
conditioning
IMPROVE TASK DESIGN.
Sequence of Events (Flow) Put tough tasks first before fatigue, don’t schedule several
tough tasks in a row
Timing (within tasks,
between tasks)
Allow sufficient time to perform, to practice. Allow
adequate time between tasks
Man-Machine
Interface/Ergonomics
Assure equipment fits the people, and effective ergonomic
design
Simplify Tasks Provide job aids, reduce steps, provides tools like lifters
communications aids
FAA System Safety Handbook, Appendix F
December 30, 2000
F-48
OPTIONS SOME EXAMPLES
Reduce Task Loads
(physical, mental, emotional)
Set weight limits; automate mental calculations and some
monitoring tasks. Avoid excessive stress, provide breaks,
vacations, and spread risk among many
Bucket Options Establish points where process reversal is possible when
hazard is detected
LIMIT EXPOSURE.
Number of People or Items Only expose essential personnel & things
Time Minimize the time of exposure -Don’t bring the explosives
until the last minute
Iterations Don’t do it as often
SELECTION OF
PERSONNEL.
Mental Criteria Essential basic intelligence, and essential skills and
proficiency
Emotional Criteria Essential stability and maturity
Physical Criteria Essential strength, motor skills, endurance, size
Experience Demonstrated performance abilities
TRAIN AND EDUCATE.
Core Tasks (especially
critical tasks)
Define critical minimum abilities, train, test and score
Leader Tasks Define essential leader tasks and standards, train, test and
score
Emergency Contingency
Tasks
Define, assign, train, verify ability
Safety Tasks Hazard identification, risk controls, maintenance of
standards
Rehearsals Validate processes, validate skills, verify interfaces
WARN.
Signs/Color Coding Warning signs, instruction signs, traffic signs
Audio/Visual Alarms Bells, flares, flashing lights, klaxons, whistles
Briefings Refresher warnings, demonstrate hazards, refresh training
MOTIVATE.
Measurable Standards Define minimum acceptable risk controls, see that tasks
are assigned
Essential Accountability Check performance at an essential level of frequency and
detail
Positive/negative Incentives Meaningful individual & group rewards, punishment
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System Safety Handbook系统安全手册下(102)
