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utilizes a block diagram to depict
cause and effect.
The technique is effective for
solving complicated problems
because it provides a means to
organize the data, provides a
summary of what is known and
unknown about the event, and
results in a detailed sequence of
facts and activities.
25 Event Tree
Analysis
An Event Tree models the sequence
of events that results from a single
initiating event.
The tool can be used to organize,
characterize, and quantify potential
accidents in a methodical manner.
The analysis is accomplished by
selecting initiating events, both
desired and undesired, and develop
their consequences through
consideration of system/component
failure-and-success alternatives.
26 Explosives Safety This method enables the safety Explosives Safety Analysis can be
FAA System Safety Handbook, Chapter 9: Analysis Techniques
December 30, 2000
9 - 21
No. Methods and/or
Techniques
Summary Applicability and Use
Analysis professional to identify and evaluate
explosive hazards associated with
facilities or operations.
used to identify hazards and risks
related to any explosive potential,
i.e. fuel storage, compressed gases,
transformers, batteries.
27 External Events
Analysis
The purpose of External Events
Analysis is to focus attention on
those adverse events that are outside
of the system under study.
It is to further hypothesize the range
of events that may have an effect on
the system being examined.
The occurrence of an external event
such as an earthquake is evaluated
and affects on structures, systems,
and components in a facility are
analyzed.
28 Facility System
Safety Analysis
System safety analysis techniques are
applied to facilities and its
operations.
Facilities are analyzed to identify
hazards and potential accidents
associated with the facility and
systems, components, equipment, or
structures.
29 Failure Mode and
Effects Analysis
(FMEA)
The FMEA is a reliability analysis
that is a bottom up approach to
evaluate failures within a system.
Any electrical, electronics, avionics,
or hardware system, sub-system can
be analyzed to identify failures and
failure modes.
30 Failure Mode and
Effects Criticality
Analysis
(FMECA)
Same as above with the addition of
Criticality.
Failure modes are classified as to
their criticality.
As above.
31 Fault Hazard
Analysis
A system safety technique that is an
offshoot from FMEA.
Similar to FMEA above however
failures that could present hazards
are evaluated.
Hazards and failure are not the same.
Hazards are the potential for harm,
they are unsafe acts or conditions.
When a failure results in an unsafe
condition it is considered a hazard.
Many hazards contribute to a
particular risk.
Any electrical, electronics, avionics,
or hardware system, sub-system can
be analyzed to identify failures,
malfunctions, anomalies, faults, that
can result is hazards.
32 Fault Isolation
Methodology
The method is used to determine and
locate faults in large-scale ground
based systems.
Examples of specific methods applied
are; Half-Step Search, Sequential
Removal/Replacement, Mass
Determine faults in any large-scale
ground based system that is
computer controlled.
FAA System Safety Handbook, Chapter 9: Analysis Techniques
December 30, 2000
9 - 22
No. Methods and/or
Techniques
Summary Applicability and Use
replacement, and Lambda Search,
and Point of Maximum Signal
Concentration.
33 Fault Tree
Analysis
A Fault Tree Analysis is a graphical
design technique that could provide
an alternative to block diagrams. It is
a top-down, deductive approach
structured in terms of events. Faults
are modeled in term of failures,
anomalies, malfunctions, and human
errors.
Any complex procedure, task,
system, can be analyzed deductively.
34 Fire Hazards
Analysis
Fire Hazards Analysis is applied to
evaluate the risks associated with fire
exposures. There are several firehazard
analysis techniques, i.e. load
analysis, hazard inventory, fire
spread, scenario method.
Any fire risk can be evaluated.
35 Flow Analysis The analysis evaluates confined or
unconfined flow of fluids or energy,
intentional or unintentional, from one
component/sub-system/ system to
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